试论以合力论思想构建和谐社会

中国共产党提出了构建和谐社会的新理念,把和谐社会的建设同经济建设、政治建设、文化建设有力地结合起来,形成了构建和谐社会的合力论思想。构建社会主义和谐社会,必须坚持马克思主义关于历史发展的合力论思想,即“促正”、“纠反”,构建和谐社会,并构建由四大合力机制组成的合力机制体系。     

Chromosomally unstable mouse tumours have genomic alterations similar to diverse human cancers

Highly rearranged and mutated cancer genomes present major challenges in the identification of pathogenetic events driving the neoplastic transformation process. Here we engineered lymphoma-prone mice with chromosomal instability to assess the usefulness of mouse models in cancer gene discovery and the extent of cross-species overlap in cancer-associated copy number aberrations. Along with targeted re-sequencing, our comparative oncogenomic studies identified FBXW7 and PTEN to be commonly deleted both in murine lymphomas and in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (T-ALL). The murine cancers acquire widespread recurrent amplifications and deletions targeting loci syntenic to those not only in human T-ALL but also in diverse human haematopoietic, mesenchymal and epithelial tumours. These results indicate that murine and human tumours experience common biological processes driven by orthologous genetic events in their malignant evolution. The highly concordant nature of genomic events encourages the use of genomically unstable murine cancer models in the discovery of biological driver events in the human oncogenome.     

A metal complex that binds alpha-amino acids with high and predictable stereospecificity.

Molecular recognition is the key step in a wide range of controlled separation and chemical transformation processes, with enzymes performing this task with an unsurpassed degree of selectivity. Enzymes contain only 20 simple amino acids, yet it remains difficult to rationalize or even predict these stereospecific recognition events. Nonetheless, the rational design of receptors able to recognize amino acids stereospecifically is attracting considerable interest because therapeutic drugs, that may be developed from chiral amino acid intermediates, are increasingly required in enantiomerically pure form. Early work has stimulated the development of efficient receptors based on small molecules, but binding of amino acids with high and predictable stereospecificity remains difficult to achieve. Directed molecular evolution, on the other hand, does select for RNA sequences or antibodies that bind amino acids with high specificity, but typically without providing insights into the molecular recognition mechanisms involved. Here we show that a rationally designed metal complex formed from a trivalent cobalt ion and a tetradentate ligand binds natural amino acids, including the simple yet challenging amino acid alanine, with high and predictable regio- and stereospecificity. We expect that our approach will allow the binding as well as separation and stereospecific catalytic formation of its target amino acids.     

Exome sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent somatic mutations in cell adhesion and chromatin remodeling genes

Gastric cancer is a major cause of global cancer mortality. We surveyed the spectrum of somatic alterations in gastric cancer by sequencing the exomes of 15 gastric adenocarcinomas and their matched normal DNAs. Frequently mutated genes in the adenocarcinomas included TP53 (11/15 tumors), PIK3CA (3/15) and ARID1A (3/15). Cell adhesion was the most enriched biological pathway among the frequently mutated genes. A prevalence screening confirmed mutations in FAT4, a cadherin family gene, in 5% of gastric cancers (6/110) and FAT4 genomic deletions in 4% (3/83) of gastric tumors. Frequent mutations in chromatin remodeling genes (ARID1A, MLL3 and MLL) also occurred in 47% of the gastric cancers. We detected ARID1A mutations in 8% of tumors (9/110), which were associated with concurrent PIK3CA mutations and microsatellite instability. In functional assays, we observed both FAT4 and ARID1A to exert tumor-suppressor activity. Somatic inactivation of FAT4 and ARID1A may thus be key tumorigenic events in a subset of gastric cancers.     

Parkin-mediated K63-polyubiquitination targets ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 for degradation by the autophagy-lysosome system

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a key neuronal deubiquitinating enzyme which is mutated in Parkinson disease (PD) and in childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorder with optic atrophy. Furthermore, reduced UCH-L1 protein levels are associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases, whereas up-regulation of UCH-L1 protein expression is found in multiple types of cancer. However, very little is known about how UCH-L1 protein level is regulated in cells. Here, we report that UCH-L1 is a novel interactor and substrate of PD-linked E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin. We find that parkin mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of UCH-L1 in cooperation with the Ubc13/Uev1a E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex and promotes UCH-L1 degradation by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Targeted disruption of parkin gene expression in mice causes a significant decrease in UCH-L1 ubiquitination with a concomitant increase in UCH-L1 protein level in brain, supporting an in vivo role of parkin in regulating UCH-L1 ubiquitination and degradation. Our findings reveal a direct link between parkin-mediated ubiquitin signaling and UCH-L1 regulation, and they have important implications for understanding the roles of these two proteins in health and disease.     

New models of collaboration in genome-wide association studies: the Genetic Association Information Network

The Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) is a public-private partnership established to investigate the genetic basis of common diseases through a series of collaborative genome-wide association studies. GAIN has used new approaches for project selection, data deposition and distribution, collaborative analysis, publication and protection from premature intellectual property claims. These demonstrate a new commitment to shared scientific knowledge that should facilitate rapid advances in understanding the genetics of complex diseases.     

一类食饵具有性别结构的非自治两种群捕食系统研究

讨论了一类具有食饵补充且食饵具有性别结构、捕食者具有阶段结构的非自治捕食者-食饵系统．运用Liapunov函数方法,得到了该系统一致持续生存的充分条件．该模型的周期系统在适当的条件下存在唯一、全局渐近稳定的周期解．对更具普遍意义的概周期系统,也得出了概周期正解唯一存在且全局渐近稳定的充分条件．     

基于RS和GIS的福建省耕地、林地分布情况及其利用效益的分析

利用RS和GIS技术,将经济统计数据与基础地理空间数据、遥感影像数据相结合,对福建省耕地和林地的分布情况和利用效益进行分析.结果表明:福建省人均耕地面积仅为0.0464ha,低于全国人均耕地面积0.1001ha;林地直接效益(10.2万元 km2)与耕地效益(274.5万元 km2)比较相差较大;在运用"3S"技术对全省土地资源进行宏观监测与分析时,把经济统计数据引入到土地覆被 利用的统计数据中进行相关分析可以更好地体现人类经济活动与土地的人地效应,但在方法、技术上还有待进一步的研究和提高.