基于宏观交通流模型的行程时间预测

以高速道路为研究对象,概述了宏观交通模型的基本方程,提出了一种基于宏观交通模拟的路径行程时间预测方法．预测方法以宏观模型输出的速度为基础计算路径行程时间,能够考虑交通拥堵以确保行程时间预测结果更合理．预测方法包含一般计算方法、由路段行程时间合成的方法（近邻组合法）这两种计算方法,后者用以加快计算速度,确保预测能够适用于较大规模路网．算例分析说明了预测方法的有效性．     

Effect of benzimidazole on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate phosphomonosterase activity in wheat leaves

Summary Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate phosphomonoesterase was isolated and partially purified from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Selkirk) leaves. The enzyme hadK _NADP value of 1.4×10^–4 M and a pH optimum of 5.9.In vitro activity of this enzyme was unaffected by precursors of NAD (nicotinamide and nicotinic acid) or cytokinis (kinetin and benzimidazole). However, when detached wheat leaves were treated with solutions of these compounds, the precursors lowered the specific activity while the cytokinins enhanced the activity. It is suggested that spatial separation and compartmentation of the enzyme and its substrate NADP account for the similar effect of benzimidazole on both.This work was supported by a grant No. A2698 from the National Research Council, Canada.     

针灸穴名英文及其他外文意译初探之二(英文)

本文将针灸穴名意译成英、德、法三种外文、列表。在翻译过程中发现所发表的第一部分尚有不少不当或错误之处,在翻译具体名词时修正。经络名称采用中国针灸学会所建议的拉丁译名;保留了英德所用的编号;提供了缩写。为了译名在不同的语种中有共同或类似的拼音以便通用并对其缩写较易记忆与运用,有些英译未用最常见的词,有的语种少数词意略有差别(但仍相关),有些则用医学常见的拉丁代替。文中阐述了一些穴名翻译中存在的特殊问题以助了解。热忱欢迎批评指教。     

Current insights into the role of PKA phosphorylation in CFTR channel activity and the pharmacological rescue of cystic fibrosis disease-causing mutants

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel gating is predominantly regulated by protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation. In addition to regulating CFTR channel activity, PKA phosphorylation is also involved in enhancing CFTR trafficking and mediating conformational changes at the interdomain interfaces of the protein. The major cystic fibrosis (CF)-causing mutation is the deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del); it causes many defects that affect CFTR trafficking, stability, and gating at the cell surface. Due to the multiple roles of PKA phosphorylation, there is growing interest in targeting PKA-dependent signaling for rescuing the trafficking and functional defects of F508del-CFTR. This review will discuss the effects of PKA phosphorylation on wild-type CFTR, the consequences of CF mutations on PKA phosphorylation, and the development of therapies that target PKA-mediated signaling.     

The Role of Diagrams in Mathematical Arguments

Recent accounts of the role of diagrams in mathematical reasoning take a Platonic line, according to which the proof depends on the similarity between the perceived shape of the diagram and the shape of the abstract object. This approach is unable to explain proofs which share the same diagram in spite of drawing conclusions about different figures. Saccheri’s use of the bi-rectangular isosceles quadrilateral in Euclides Vindicatus provides three such proofs. By forsaking abstract objects it is possible to give a natural explanation of Saccheri’s proofs as well as standard geometric proofs and even number-theoretic proofs.     

空间交会对接技术

空间交会对接是载人航天工程非常重要的基本技术。在介绍空间交会对接技术发展历史和中国首次交会对接取得圆满成功的基础上，阐述了空间交会对接技术的基本概念、技术难点、控制方式和交会对接过程，并着重介绍了四种交会对接机构的特点。最后介绍了中国首次交会对接任务规划、天宫一号目标飞行器和神舟八号飞船的特点以及两次空间交会对接过程。     

Observation of scale invariance and universality in two-dimensional Bose gases

The collective behaviour of a many-body system near a continuous phase transition is insensitive to the details of its microscopic physics; for example, thermodynamic observables follow generalized scaling laws near the phase transition. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition in two-dimensional Bose gases presents a particularly interesting case because the marginal dimensionality and intrinsic scaling symmetry result in a broad fluctuation regime and an extended range of universal scaling behaviour. Studies of the BKT transition in cold atoms have stimulated great interest in recent years, but a clear demonstration of critical behaviour near the phase transition has remained elusive. Here we report in situ density and density-fluctuation measurements of two-dimensional Bose gases of caesium at different temperatures and interaction strengths, observing scale-invariant, universal behaviours. The extracted thermodynamic functions confirm the existence of a wide universal region near the BKT phase transition, and provide a sensitive test of the universality predicted by classical-field theory and quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Our experimental results provide evidence for growing density-density correlations in the fluctuation region, and call for further explorations of universal phenomena in classical and quantum critical physics.