Functional dissection of lysine deacetylases reveals that HDAC1 and p300 regulate AMPK

First identified as histone-modifying proteins, lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and deacetylases (KDACs) antagonize each other through modification of the side chains of lysine residues in histone proteins. Acetylation of many non-histone proteins involved in chromatin, metabolism or cytoskeleton regulation were further identified in eukaryotic organisms, but the corresponding enzymes and substrate-specific functions of the modifications are unclear. Moreover, mechanisms underlying functional specificity of individual KDACs remain enigmatic, and the substrate spectra of each KDAC lack comprehensive definition. Here we dissect the functional specificity of 12 critical human KDACs using a genome-wide synthetic lethality screen in cultured human cells. The genetic interaction profiles revealed enzyme-substrate relationships between individual KDACs and many important substrates governing a wide array of biological processes including metabolism, development and cell cycle progression. We further confirmed that acetylation and deacetylation of the catalytic subunit of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical cellular energy-sensing protein kinase complex, is controlled by the opposing catalytic activities of HDAC1 and p300. Deacetylation of AMPK enhances physical interaction with the upstream kinase LKB1, leading to AMPK phosphorylation and activation, and resulting in lipid breakdown in human liver cells. These findings provide new insights into previously underappreciated metabolic regulatory roles of HDAC1 in coordinating nutrient availability and cellular responses upstream of AMPK, and demonstrate the importance of high-throughput genetic interaction profiling to elucidate functional specificity and critical substrates of individual human KDACs potentially valuable for therapeutic applications.     

The protein kinase Pstol1 from traditional rice confers tolerance of phosphorus deficiency

As an essential macroelement for all living cells, phosphorus is indispensable in agricultural production systems. Natural phosphorus reserves are limited, and it is therefore important to develop phosphorus-efficient crops. A major quantitative trait locus for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance, Pup1, was identified in the traditional aus-type rice variety Kasalath about a decade ago. However, its functional mechanism remained elusive until the locus was sequenced, showing the presence of a Pup1-specific protein kinase gene, which we have named phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 (PSTOL1). This gene is absent from the rice reference genome and other phosphorus-starvation-intolerant modern varieties. Here we show that overexpression of PSTOL1 in such varieties significantly enhances grain yield in phosphorus-deficient soil. Further analyses show that PSTOL1 acts as an enhancer of early root growth, thereby enabling plants to acquire more phosphorus and other nutrients. The absence of PSTOL1 and other genes-for example, the submergence-tolerance gene SUB1A-from modern rice varieties underlines the importance of conserving and exploring traditional germplasm. Introgression of this quantitative trait locus into locally adapted rice varieties in Asia and Africa is expected to considerably enhance productivity under low phosphorus conditions.     

水电站计算机监控系统的模糊PID功率调节

水电站计算机监控系统通常为分层分布、开放式的结构体系,监控系统能够根据需要进行水轮机组的有功功率和无功功率调节,主控层的操作员工作站给定水轮机组运行的有功功率和无功功率值,网络通讯使现地控制单元(LCU)的可编程控制器(PLC)运行功率控制流程,实现机组的功率调节.水轮发电机组的功率调节主要通过控制机组的调速器系统和励磁系统来实现,提出了二维模糊比例积分微分控制(PID控制)水轮发电机组功率调节的模式,可根据功率偏差和功率偏差变化率进行PID参数的在线自整定,机组能快速、准确、稳定地达到给定的功率值,使监控系统的功率调节具有良好的控制特性和鲁棒性,有利于延长机组的使用寿命.     

谐波对平均值原理仪表测量的影响分析

非线性负载的广泛应用,导致电力系统中的谐波日益严重.电力系统中使用的交流电压表和电流表通常采用整流式仪表,其工作原理是对电网电压和电流的平均值响应,利用平均值和有效值的比例关系从而得出信号的有效值.由于是按50 Hz标准正弦波设计,当电网电压中有高次谐波或者负荷电流中有高次谐波时,必然会影响其正常工作.因此采用平均值原理的仪表测量非正弦周期信号电压和电流的有效值,存在原理性的误差.基于其工作原理,定量分析不同谐波下的误差及一定谐波含量下误差的大小.通过分析结果,建议采用真有效值原理的电压表和电流表.     

A linked genetic marker for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A on chromosome 10

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is an autosomal dominantly inherited cancer syndrome characterized by medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, phaeochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism. Almost all gene carriers can be detected by screening tests before the age of 40, but the nature and location of the predisposing gene are unknown. Simpson et al. recently reported preliminary evidence for linkage between the DNA probe p9-12A on chromosome 10 and MEN2A. We now report linkage between the MEN2A locus and the interstitial retinol-binding protein gene, which is located on chromosome 10p11.2-q11.2.     

试论以合力论思想构建和谐社会

中国共产党提出了构建和谐社会的新理念,把和谐社会的建设同经济建设、政治建设、文化建设有力地结合起来,形成了构建和谐社会的合力论思想。构建社会主义和谐社会,必须坚持马克思主义关于历史发展的合力论思想,即“促正”、“纠反”,构建和谐社会,并构建由四大合力机制组成的合力机制体系。     

基于RS和GIS的福建省耕地、林地分布情况及其利用效益的分析

利用RS和GIS技术,将经济统计数据与基础地理空间数据、遥感影像数据相结合,对福建省耕地和林地的分布情况和利用效益进行分析.结果表明:福建省人均耕地面积仅为0.0464ha,低于全国人均耕地面积0.1001ha;林地直接效益(10.2万元 km2)与耕地效益(274.5万元 km2)比较相差较大;在运用"3S"技术对全省土地资源进行宏观监测与分析时,把经济统计数据引入到土地覆被 利用的统计数据中进行相关分析可以更好地体现人类经济活动与土地的人地效应,但在方法、技术上还有待进一步的研究和提高.