铝——二氧化锰电池缓蚀剂的研究

以LD5铝合金为阳极,测定了近30种可供选择的缓蚀剂在ZnCl_2+NH_4Cl电解液中的缓蚀效率及对铝阳极行为的影响。选出的Al/MnO_2电池缓蚀剂的较佳配方是:YS 1.0 g/1+Vc 1.5 g/1+SA 0.5 g/1+XA 0.8 g/1或YS 1.5 g/1+VC 1.0 g/1+SA0.5 g/1+XA 1.0 g/1。对其缓蚀机理的初步研究表明,它们属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂。     

离子对萃取原子吸收光谱法间接测定微量硫氰酸根和碘

研究了NCP-Cu(I)·SCN~-离子对的形成、萃取和测定条件;探讨了有机溶剂对测定灵敏度的影响.方法用于电镀厂排放水中微量硫氰酸根的测定,并取得满意的结果.当I~-与SCN~-共存时,通过改变试剂用量,可以对二者选择性地连续测定.     

银白木耳药用初探

在我国首次发现的毛木耳纯白色变种银白木耳能明显增强实验动物的淋巴细胞转化功能，明显抑制血小板粘附和聚集功能，是一新的食用兼药用真菌，有助于一些疾病的康复。     

不同干扰强度对冷蒿再生生长的影响

采用人为模拟采食试验 .试验处理为 :对照组、剪掉枝条长度 1 /4组、剪掉枝条长度 2 /4组、和剪掉枝条长度 3 /4组 .然后在这四种梯度上测量不同采食强度下冷蒿的再生生长、净增长、地上生物量、地下生物量、枝条数五个参数 .实验结果表明 :第一 ,在这四个梯度上生长状况最好的是剪掉枝条长度 1 /4组 ,剪掉枝条长度 3 /4组的冷蒿生长最差 .这二者与对照组存在显著差异 ,说明在草场利用方面适度放牧可以有效的维持草地有较高的生产力 ;第二 ,一年龄冷蒿的再生生长能力、净增长能力比多年龄冷蒿强 ;第三 ,在一定限度内冷蒿生存范围越大、可利用资源越多 ,再生生长越强     

Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4

Human chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage in being the product of a head-to-head fusion of two intermediate-sized ancestral chromosomes. Chromosome 4 has received attention primarily related to the search for the Huntington's disease gene, but also for genes associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, polycystic kidney disease and a form of muscular dystrophy. Here we present approximately 237 million base pairs of sequence for chromosome 2, and 186 million base pairs for chromosome 4, representing more than 99.6% of their euchromatic sequences. Our initial analyses have identified 1,346 protein-coding genes and 1,239 pseudogenes on chromosome 2, and 796 protein-coding genes and 778 pseudogenes on chromosome 4. Extensive analyses confirm the underlying construction of the sequence, and expand our understanding of the structure and evolution of mammalian chromosomes, including gene deserts, segmental duplications and highly variant regions.     

A soft solid surface on Titan as revealed by the Huygens Surface Science Package

The surface of Saturn's largest satellite--Titan--is largely obscured by an optically thick atmospheric haze, and so its nature has been the subject of considerable speculation and discussion. The Huygens probe entered Titan's atmosphere on 14 January 2005 and descended to the surface using a parachute system. Here we report measurements made just above and on the surface of Titan by the Huygens Surface Science Package. Acoustic sounding over the last 90 m above the surface reveals a relatively smooth, but not completely flat, surface surrounding the landing site. Penetrometry and accelerometry measurements during the probe impact event reveal that the surface was neither hard (like solid ice) nor very compressible (like a blanket of fluffy aerosol); rather, the Huygens probe landed on a relatively soft solid surface whose properties are analogous to wet clay, lightly packed snow and wet or dry sand. The probe settled gradually by a few millimetres after landing.     

Immune self-reactivity triggered by drug-modified HLA-peptide repertoire

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are highly polymorphic proteins that initiate immunity by presenting pathogen-derived peptides to T?cells. HLA polymorphisms mostly map to the antigen-binding cleft, thereby diversifying the repertoire of self-derived and pathogen-derived peptide antigens selected by different HLA allotypes. A growing number of immunologically based drug reactions, including abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), are associated with specific HLA alleles. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these associations, including AHS, a prototypical HLA-associated drug reaction occurring exclusively in individuals with the common histocompatibility allele HLA-B*57:01, and with a relative risk of more than 1,000 (refs?6, 7). We show that unmodified abacavir binds non-covalently to HLA-B*57:01, lying across the bottom of the antigen-binding cleft and reaching into the F-pocket, where a carboxy-terminal tryptophan typically anchors peptides bound to HLA-B*57:01. Abacavir binds with exquisite specificity to HLA-B*57:01, changing the shape and chemistry of the antigen-binding cleft, thereby altering the repertoire of endogenous peptides that can bind HLA-B*57:01. In this way, abacavir guides the selection of new endogenous peptides, inducing a marked alteration in 'immunological self'. The resultant peptide-centric 'altered self' activates abacavir-specific T-cells, thereby driving polyclonal CD8 T-cell activation and a systemic reaction manifesting as AHS. We also show that carbamazepine, a widely used anti-epileptic drug associated with hypersensitivity reactions in HLA-B*15:02 individuals, binds to this allotype, producing alterations in the repertoire of presented self peptides. Our findings simultaneously highlight the importance of HLA polymorphism in the evolution of pharmacogenomics and provide a general mechanism for some of the growing number of HLA-linked hypersensitivities that involve small-molecule drugs.