分级多孔纳米炭纤维的结构及电容性能

以酚醛树脂为碳源、PVP为纺丝助剂、纳米MgO颗粒为模板剂,通过静电纺丝法制得酚醛树脂基纳米炭纤维,经过炭化、KOH活化、酸洗后得到分级多孔纳米炭纤维,利用SEM、XRD、XPS、拉曼光谱仪及氮气吸脱附实验,对所制多孔纳米炭纤维的结构和形貌进行表征,并将其作为模拟电容器的电极,利用循环伏安、恒电流充放电及交流阻抗方法测试了材料的电化学性能。结果表明,KOH活化引入了数量可观的微孔,所得纳米炭纤维表现出明显的"微孔-中孔-大孔"分级孔分布的特点,其比表面积达到1058.4m~2/g,总孔容为1.64cm~3/g。电化学测试结果表明,所制分级多孔纳米炭纤维在6mol/L KOH电解液中显示出优异的电容性能,在0.2A/g的电流密度下,其放电比容量达到198F/g,在20A/g电流密度下,电容保持率达到65%。     

Electrochemical behavior of gold and its associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions

Electrochemical measurements were conducted to study the electrochemical behavior of gold (Au) and its commonly associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions. The results indicated that without addition of any stabilizer, selective dissolution of Au from stibnite and pyrite was only possible at relatively low thiourea concentrations. As Na₂SiO₃ was added, pyrite started to become active and an oxidation peak appeared; the oxidation peaks of arsenopyrite and chalcocite appeared earlier than that of Au. The chalcocite peak shifted in the positive direction and the peak current increased. Stibnite did not show an oxidation peak and its current was nearly zero. Adding Na₂SiO₃ favored the selective dissolution of Au when its minerals were associated with chalcocite and stibnite. At pH 12, the Au anode dissolution peak current increased with stabilizer concentration. At 0.38 and 0.42 V and for Na₂SiO₃ concentration below 0.09 M, the current density continuously increased with Na₂SiO₃ concentration. The Na₂SiO₃ concentration had to be adequate to stabilize thiourea. When the potential was higher than 0.42 V, the surface of the Au electrode started to passivate. With an additional increase in potential, the presence of Na₂SiO₃ could not stop the inevitable decomposition of thiourea.     

Mineral-phase evolution and sintering behavior of MO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3 (M=Ca,Ba) glass-ceramics by low-temperature liquid-phase sintering

In this work, network former SiO₂ and network intermediate Al₂O₃ were introduced into typical low-melting binary compositions CaO·B₂O₃, CaO·2B₂O₃, and BaO·B₂O₃ via an aqueous solid-state suspension milling route. Accordingly, multiple-phase aluminosilicate glass-ceramics were directly obtained via liquid-phase sintering at temperatures below 950℃. On the basis of liquid-phase sintering theory, mineral-phase evolutions and glass-phase formations were systematically investigated in a wide MO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ (M=Ca, Ba) composition range. The results indicate that major mineral phases of the aluminosilicate glass-ceramics are Al₂₀B₄O₃₆, CaAl₂Si₂O₈, and BaAl₂Si₂O₈ and that the glass-ceramic materials are characterized by dense microstructures and excellent dielectric properties.     

中心损失与Softmax损失联合监督下的人脸识别

深度学习在人脸识别领域已经取得了巨大的成就,针对当前大多数卷积神经网络采用Softmax损失函数进行特征分类,增加新的类别样本会减小类间距离的增长趋势,影响网络对特征判别的问题,采用了一种基于中心损失与Softmax损失联合监督的人脸识别算法,来提高网络对特征的识别能力。在Softmax基础上,首先,分别对训练集每个类别在特征空间维护一个类中心,训练过程新增加样本时,网络会约束样本的分类中心距离,从而兼顾了类内聚合与类间分离。其次,引入动量概念,在分类中心更新的时候,通过保留之前的更新方向,同时利用当前批次的梯度微调最终的更新方向,该方法可以在一定程度上增加稳定性,提高网络的学习效率。最后,在人脸识别基准库LFW上的测试实验证明:所提的联合监督算法,在较小的网络训练集上,获得了99.31%的人脸识别精度。     

重庆涪陵大气污染物特征及其与气象要素的关系

利用重庆涪陵2010—2014年空气质量监测数据和同期的气象资料,分析了涪陵地区大气污染物的变化情况与气象要素的相关关系.结果表明:涪陵从2010到2014年空气质量有变好趋势,迎宾大道和兴华中路的空气质量总体较好,AQI指数优良天数分别占87%和85.6%,PM_(10)为涪陵首要污染物.PM_(10),SO_2质量浓度具有周期性变化特征,从1月至12月为先降低后升高的趋势,每年较冷的12月、1月、2月PM_(10)质量浓度值较高,较热的月份质量浓度值较低.NO_2质量浓度年际间变化幅度较小.PM_(10)与气温、降水量、相对湿度、平均风速具有负相关性,与气压具有正相关,即气温越高、降雨量越大、气压越低、风速越大,PM_(10)质量浓度越低.SO_2,NO_2与气温、气压、降水量均为负相关,与相对湿度正相关.不同月份大气污染物与气象要素的相关性存在较大差异.     

我国扫描电镜产业的发展与预测研究

长期以来,全球电镜研发一直是美国、日本和德国三足鼎立,其中以日本日立公司、日本电子公司、美国FEI公司以及德国蔡司公司表现最为突出。而我国扫描电镜主要依靠进口,本文对韩国、日本、美国、德国等国家的产业发展经验进行研究,结合我国实际情况,分析我国扫描电镜产业的发展趋势,并提出促进我国扫描电镜产业发展的对策建议。     

雷公山聚筛蕊等三种地衣鉴别研究

对贵州省雷公山三种地衣进行鉴别研究。用化学显色反应法、微量结晶检验法、薄层层析法等方法研究地衣特性。鉴定出日本珊瑚枝Stereocaulon japonicum Th.Fr.、聚筛蕊Cladia aggregata(Sw.)Nyl.、孔叶衣Menegazzia terebrata(Hoffm.)A.Massal.3种地衣。将多种方法综合使用可以初步鉴定地衣药材,并为地衣药材的下一步研究开发奠定基础。     

从《唐摭言》看《汉语大词典》的孤证问题

作为一部＂古今兼收,源流并重＂的大型工具书,《汉语大词典》为众多学者提供了便利。然而不得不说的是,这部书也存在一些弊端。从该部书完成编纂到目前使用将近四十年的时间里,它在语音、释义、引证、编纂体例等方面的疏漏也逐渐被发现。其中,孤证问题也是一个重大疏漏。探讨《汉语的词典》的孤证问题,有利于纠正对一些字词的认识和提高词典本身的质量。     

Guaranteed Cost Finite-Time Control of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Positive Switched Systems with D-Perturbations via MDADT

This paper is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost finite-time control of fractionalorder nonlinear positive switched systems(FONPSS) with D-perturbation. Firstly, the proof of the positivity of FONPSS with D-perturbation is given, the definition of guaranteed cost finite-time stability is firstly given in such systems. Then, by constructing linear copositive Lyapunov functions and using the mode-dependent average dwell time(MDADT) approach, a static output feedback controller is constructed, and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the corresponding closed-loop system is guaranteed cost finite-time stable(GCFTS). Such conditions can be easily solved by linear programming. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.