Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

The circadian molecular clock creates epidermal stem cell heterogeneity

Murine epidermal stem cells undergo alternate cycles of dormancy and activation, fuelling tissue renewal. However, only a subset of stem cells becomes active during each round of morphogenesis, indicating that stem cells coexist in heterogeneous responsive states. Using a circadian-clock reporter-mouse model, here we show that the dormant hair-follicle stem cell niche contains coexisting populations of cells at opposite phases of the clock, which are differentially predisposed to respond to homeostatic cues. The core clock protein Bmal1 modulates the expression of stem cell regulatory genes in an oscillatory manner, to create populations that are either predisposed, or less prone, to activation. Disrupting this clock equilibrium, through deletion of Bmal1 (also known as Arntl) or Per1/2, resulted in a progressive accumulation or depletion of dormant stem cells, respectively. Stem cell arrhythmia also led to premature epidermal ageing, and a reduction in the development of squamous tumours. Our results indicate that the circadian clock fine-tunes the temporal behaviour of epidermal stem cells, and that its perturbation affects homeostasis and the predisposition to tumorigenesis.     

Structural insight into brassinosteroid perception by BRI1

Brassinosteroids are essential phytohormones that have crucial roles in plant growth and development. Perception of brassinosteroids requires an active complex of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1). Recognized by the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of BRI1, brassinosteroids induce a phosphorylation-mediated cascade to regulate gene expression. Here we present the crystal structures of BRI1(LRR) in free and brassinolide-bound forms. BRI1(LRR) exists as a monomer in crystals and solution independent of brassinolide. It comprises a helical solenoid structure that accommodates a separate insertion domain at its concave surface. Sandwiched between them, brassinolide binds to a hydrophobicity-dominating surface groove on BRI1(LRR). Brassinolide recognition by BRI1(LRR) is through an induced-fit mechanism involving stabilization of two interdomain loops that creates a pronounced non-polar surface groove for the hormone binding. Together, our results define the molecular mechanisms by which BRI1 recognizes brassinosteroids and provide insight into brassinosteroid-induced BRI1 activation.     

城市河道黑臭评价模型研究进展

介绍了城市河道黑臭的成因及机理,评述了目前国内外在城市河道黑臭评价方面所取得的一系列成果.对目前国内外各类河道黑臭评价模型进行比较,筛选出多元线性回归模型、有机污染指数模型、黑臭多因子加权指数模型和综合水质标识指数法这几种使用较为广泛的模型并进行分析,并对城市河道黑臭评价模型建立的发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于模糊人工神经网络的金属矿山投资风险评价

为了尽量减少金属矿山项目开发投资风险,总结分析了影响金属矿山投资的众多因素,将这些影响因素进行分级分类,建立科学的矿山投资评价体系.将模糊理论与神经网络结合起来建立评价模型,首先利用模糊理论对各影响指标进行模糊化处理,然后将模糊化后的结果作为神经网络的初始输入,利用神经网络进行学习训练,模型的最终输出结果可以用来评价金...     

一种基于视觉感知的复合医学图像分割算法

为提高医学图像分割的视觉效果,依据人类视觉感知的分层特性,提出了一种新的复合医学图像分割方法.该方法通过提取医学图像的底层特征,利用Fuzzy-ART神经网络作为像素的分类器,对医学图像进行连续两次分割.实验结果表明,该医学图像分割方法能有效地解决局部信息与整体分布边缘淡化等相关问题,达到良好的分割视觉效果.     

基于无线传感器网络的定位系统研究及设计

研究并设计了一种基于TDOA定位技术的短距离精确定位系统,该系统采用超声波和无线电相结合的 定位技术组建无线传感器网络来实现定位,系统结构简单,实现容易,无需时钟同步#针对该定位系统,设计了一 种快速、高精度的多步长定位算法,理论及实验结果表明,该算法是高效的。     

用于联盟链的布隆过滤器优化

布隆过滤器常用于联盟链Hyperledger Fabric状态数据库LevelDB的读性能优化,但布隆过滤器本身存在误报现象,且LevelDB只能对布隆过滤器进行统一配置而无法自适应调整。为此,提出一种单元化的部分计数式布隆过滤器（partial counting Bloom filter,PCBF）构造方案,设计可并行计算的元素插入与查询机制并结合双重哈希及非加密哈希来实现快速插入与查询;基于开启过滤器单元与访问次数构建排序字符串表优先级,使用时间片轮询算法对过滤器单元进行自适应调整,实现了资源的合理分配。实验结果表明： PCBF具有较高的插入效率,并能减少20%左右的误报数量,适用于联盟链的高并发场景。     

微波提取人参中活性成分人参皂苷的研究

研究了应用微波提取西洋参干燥根中人参皂苷的最佳工艺.采用正交试验进行优化,分光光度法测定人参总皂苷的含量.结果表明,用微波提取人参皂苷的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率300 W,固液比1∶20,提取温度60℃,提取4次,每次提取3 m in.在此条件下,人参皂苷的提取得率高达5.53%.微波提取人参皂苷工艺具有得率高、时间短、能耗低、环保等优点.