地铁区间隧道盾构掘进下穿运营隧道保护技术

依托苏州地铁3号线金鸡湖西站至东方之门站区间下穿1号线工程,为防止3号线下穿1号线引起1号线轨道下沉,减少沉降对车辆运营的安全影响,提出了加装防脱护轨和行车控制的保护措施,并给出了防脱护轨加装范围及其详细的安装工艺,经现场监测验证了技术的可行性,为今后类似工程提供指导。     

冻融循环作用下秸秆纤维加筋土抗压强度试验研究

通过室内无侧限抗压试验,分析纤维掺量和冻融循环次数两个因素对棉花秸秆纤维加筋土强度的影响规律,研究冻融循环作用对纤维加筋土强度的影响。试验结果表明:土体中掺入纤维能有效提高土体的抗压强度,明显改善土体的软化程度;加筋土无侧限抗压强度随冻融循环次数的增加呈指数下降趋势,经历5次冻融后,强度下降幅度最大;通过将不同加筋率的纤维土与冻融循环次数进行拟合,建立两者之间的半经验公式,为纤维加筋土的实际工程应用奠定理论基础。     

烟叶烘烤技术研究进展与智能烘烤技术展望

人工智能技术的发展、物联网技术的普及以及无数烟草研究人员的基础研究为烟草农业现代化、智能化提供了有力的技术支撑和宝贵经验,将烟叶烘烤由人的主导转为机器智能控制这一问题的研究条件已然成熟.本文阐述了当前鲜烟叶素质判断技术、烘烤工艺匹配技术以及自动化烘烤技术的研究进展,并设想了烟叶智能烘烤技术要解决的问题,旨在为实现烟叶烘烤智能化提供研究思路.     

深度优先局部聚合哈希

已有的深度监督哈希方法不能有效地利用提取到的卷积特征,同时,也忽视了数据对之间相似性信息分布对于哈希网络的作用,最终导致学到的哈希编码之间的区分性不足.为了解决该问题,提出了一种新颖的深度监督哈希方法,称之为深度优先局部聚合哈希(Deep Priority Local Aggregated Hashing,DPLAH).DPLAH将局部聚合描述子向量嵌入到哈希网络中,提高网络对同类数据的表达能力,并且通过在数据对之间施加不同权重,从而减少相似性信息分布倾斜对哈希网络的影响.利用Pytorch深度框架进行DPLAH实验,使用NetVLAD层对Resnet18网络模型输出的卷积特征进行聚合,将聚合得到的特征进行哈希编码学习.在CI-FAR-10和NUS-WIDE数据集上的图像检索实验表明,与使用手工特征和卷积神经网络特征的非深度哈希学习算法的最好结果相比,DPLAH的平均准确率均值要高出11％,同时,DPLAH的平均准确率均值比非对称深度监督哈希方法高出2％.     

Coupling effect of the conductivities of Li ions and electrons by introducing LLTO@C fibers in the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode

To probe the coupling effect of the electron and Li ion conductivities in Ni-rich layered materials(LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2,NCA),lithium lanthanum titanate(LLTO)nanofiber and carbon-coated LLTO fiber(LLTO@C)materials were introduced to polyvinylidene difluoride in a cathode.The enhancement of the conductivity was indicated by the suppressed impedance and polarization.At 1 and 5 C,the cathodes with coupling conductive paths had a more stable cycling performance.The coupling mechanism was analyzed based on the chemical state and structure evolution of NCA after cycling for 200 cycles at 5 C.In the pristine cathode,the propagation of lattice damaged regions,which consist of high-density edge-dislocation walls,destroyed the bulk integrity of NCA.In addition,the formation of a rock-salt phase on the surface of NCA caused a capacity loss.In contrast,in the LLTO@C modified cathode,although the formation of dislocation-driven atomic lattice broken regions and cation mixing occurred,they were limited to a scale of several atoms,which retarded the generation of the rock-salt phase and resulted in a pre-eminent capacity retention.Only NiO phase“pitting”occurred.A mechanism based on the synergistic transport of Li ions and electrons was proposed.     

Dynamic mass variation and multiphase interaction among steel,slag, lining refractory and nonmetallic inclusions: Laboratory experiments and mathematical prediction

The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical model coupled the ion and molecule coexistence theory, coupled-reaction model, and the surface renewal theory was established to predict the dy-namic mass transfer and composition transformation of the steel, the slag, and nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. During the refining process, Al2O3 inclusions transformed into MgO inclusions owing to the mass transfer of [Mg] at the steel/refractory interface and (MgO) at the slag/re-fractory interface. Most of the aluminum involved in the transport entered the slag and a small part of the aluminum transferred to lining re-fractory, forming the Al2O3 or MgO·Al2O3. The slag had a significant acceleration effect on the mass transfer. The mass transfer rate (or the re-action rate) of the system with the slag was approximately 5 times larger than that of the system without the slag. In the first 20 min of the re-fining, rates of magnesium mass transfer at the steel/inclusion interface, steel/refractory interface, and steel/slag interface were x, 1.1x, and 2.2x, respectively. The composition transformation of inclusions and the mass transfer of magnesium and aluminum in the steel were predicted with an acceptable accuracy using the established kinetic model.     

用于高性能超级电容器的基于蚕沙的二氧化锰/碳纳米复合材料

MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction. Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor, which was activated by ZnCl₂ and FeCl₃ combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere. Thin and flower-like MnO₂ nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon. The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process. The obtained MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance (238 F·g?1 at 0.5 A·g?1) and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles. The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials’ high specific surface area, multilevel hierarchical structure, and good conductivity. This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO₂-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.     

低轨星座导航增强能力研究与仿真

低轨卫星星座具有几何图形变化快、落地信号功率强、全球天基监测覆盖等天然优势,可对中高轨全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)星座进行有效补充和增强,提升全球定位、导航与授时(Positioning,Navigation and Timing,PNT)服务的精度、完好性、可用性和抗干扰等能力,已成为下一代卫星导航系统重要的发展方向.本文总结了国内外低轨星座发展现状,对不同低轨星座进行了分析和设计,对低轨星座提升导航定位精度、加速精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)收敛、全球天基监测等导航增强能力进行了分析,重点论证了低轨星座突破现有中高轨GNSS技术瓶颈的机遇和体系增量能力,给出了相应的仿真分析结果,以期对我国低轨星座和北斗卫星导航系统的融合发展提供参考和建议.     

江淮东部平原晚更新世末植被演替及气候变化

在对位于江淮东部平原的江苏兴化蒋家舍地层剖面进行野外考察采样、AMS14 C年代测定和孢粉分析的基础上,初步探讨了研究区晚更新世末的植被演替及气候变化.结果表明:1)27.9-13.5cal.ka BP,剖面中孢粉含量高,植物的科属也丰富.其中,27.9-26.7cal.ka BP、14.5-14.2 cal.ka BP时段研究区植被为针阔叶混交林,反映气候温暖较湿润,而26.7-14.5 cal.ka BP期间地层出现沉积间断,气候寒冷干燥;14.2-13.5 cal.ka BP时段草本植物含量较高,总体为针阔叶混交林草原植被,气候温凉稍干.2)13.5-12.6cal.ka BP,剖面中孢粉含量较低,植物的科属也较贫乏,木本植物所占百分比较低,草本植物花粉含量相对较高.其中,13.5-12.8 cal.ka BP为覆盖度趋低的针阔叶混交林或草原植被,气候向干冷发展,12.8-12.6 cal.ka BP时段为针阔叶混交林植被,木本植物含量有所上升,反映气候稍暖湿.3)针叶乔木松属花粉和蕨类植物水蕨科植物孢子在剖面中自下而上均有不同程度的分布,常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶类出现率较低,这种现象跟当地现代植被的植物组合略有差异.     

亚稳奥氏体对高强度海洋工程用钢力学性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、组织观察等方法研究临界退火和不同温度回火对海洋工程用钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,实验钢经两相区退火和不同温度回火后,获得了回火马氏体及不同体积分数(0~6%)的残余奥氏体.随实验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数的增加,屈服强度从753MPa降低到506MPa,抗拉强度介于794~843MPa,屈强比从0.9降低到0.6,延伸率从31.3%提高到36.2%.实验钢中残余奥氏体能够提高冲击塑性变形能力并阻碍裂纹扩展,在-80℃冲击功达到236J,然而热稳定性差的残余奥氏体在低温下优先转变成马氏体并降低了低温韧性,冲击功下降到136J.