黑格尔、生命体和物种概念——兼论黑格尔自然哲学中的规范性问题

随着对黑格尔自然哲学的不断研究,其物种概念受到学者越来越多的关注。不同类型的生命统一体在其类属过程中形成了物种概念,也奠定了对物种缺陷进行规范性探讨的框架。通过把物种缺陷划分为作为需求的缺陷和作为伤害的缺陷,黑格尔区分了不同的环境影响在物种生存过程中不同作用。在此基础上,借助于自然规范和精神规范的对比,可以更好地凸显黑格尔哲学中自然和精神之间的本质区别。     

A different kind of revolutionary change: transformation from object to process concepts

I propose a new perspective with which to understand scientific revolutions. This is a conversion from an object-only perspective to one that properly treats object and process concepts as distinct kinds. I begin with a re-examination of the Copernican revolution. Recent findings from the history of astronomy suggest that the Copernican revolution was a move from a conceptual framework built around an object concept to one built around a process concept. Drawing from studies in the cognitive sciences, I then show that process concepts are independent of object concepts, grounded in specific regions of the brain and involving unique representational mechanisms. There are cognitive obstacles to the transformation from object to process concepts, and an object bias—a tendency to treat processes as objects—makes this kind of conceptual change difficult. Consequently, transformation from object to process concepts is disruptive and revolutionary. Finally, I explore the implications of this new perspective on scientific revolutions for both the history and philosophy of science.     

Generalised Estimators for Seasonal Forecasting by Combining Grouping with Shrinkage Approaches

In this paper, generalised estimators are proposed to estimate seasonal indices for certain forms of additive and mixed seasonality. The estimators combine one of two group seasonal indices methods—Dalhart's group method and Withycombe's group method—with a shrinkage method in different ways. Optimal shrinkage parameters are derived to maximise the performance of the estimators. Then, the generalised estimators, with the optimal shrinkage parameters, are evaluated based on forecasting accuracy. Moreover, the effects of three factors are examined, namely, the length of data history, variance of random components and the number of series. Finally, a simulation experiment is conducted to support the evaluation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT表现及诊断

探讨细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT征象特点,结合临床表现,提高该病的诊断;回顾性分析经病理证实的16例细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT表现,其中女性10例,男牲6例,年龄33～76岁,平均56．63岁。16例均进行了CT检查;孤立结节或肿块型者6例,其最大径1．5—7．0cm,平均约3．2cm。边缘有毛刺征者4例,有分叶征者2例,中心坏死呈相对低密度者2例。弥漫型者7例,其中4例合并较大结节或肿块,2例肿块边缘呈分叶征,3例肿块边缘有毛刺征,1例肿块中央发生坏死呈相对低密度,1例肿块内有斑片状高密度钙化。其中1例在多发结节的基础上,沿支气管分布多发壁厚薄不均的薄壁小空腔影。节段型者3例,2例有支气管气像征。合并双侧或单侧胸腔积液者6例,心包积液者1例,纵隔内淋巴结肿大者4例,骨盆骨转移者1例;细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT表现复杂,临床表现不典型,多种方法综合分析,有助于该病的发现和诊断。     

现有列车供水系统存在的问题及改造建议

从实际出发,就现有列车上水系统现状及存在的问题进行了分析,得出现有系统供水能力不足、水资源浪费严重、水源二次污染、冬季冻害、管理不便等问题。通过理论分析、实地调查和科学测算提出了提高供水能力的途径和具体解决办法。对其他现有系统存在的问题也一并进行了统筹考虑,且给出了解决办法和建议。     

高压电缆试扎装置的可靠性分析

高压电缆安全试扎装置是保证电缆工作人员安全的重要技术措施。遥控射钉型高压电缆安全试扎装置投入使用后,其自身的特点和优越性,受到了工作人员的欢迎。通过事故电缆刺扎截面及电缆结构图对该装置的可靠性进行了分析．并提出保证措施。     

交通运输支撑服务区域重大战略的思考

 交通运输是贯彻落实区域重大战略先行领域,也是服务区域重大战略实施、促进各类要素合理流动并向优势区域集中、实现经济总体效率提升的关键支撑。总结了重点区域交通基础设施、运输服务、低碳绿色、对外开放、交通治理等方面发展给区域经济社会带来的变化,剖析了存在的主要问题。在总结提炼当前中国区域重大战略显著特征基础上,结合习近平总书记对重点区域交通运输发展的重要论述,提出了未来交通运输服务支撑区域重大战略的主要思路。     

2021年无人机热点回眸

随着人工智能技术的发展以及机载任务平台性能的提升,2021年无人机技术与应用呈现新的发展态势.从无人机政策法规、自主控制、反无人机、应用领域等多方面回眸了2021年无人机的技术研究热点,分析了无人机技术领域未来的发展动向.人工智能、视觉导航等技术使无人机综合能力更加强大,也使其应用领域向更宽、更深、更综合方向拓展,尤其...