微波消解在分析生物和地质样品中的应用

在大量文献的基础上，综述了利用微波炉消化溶解生物以及地质样品的方法，主要介绍其技术方法与应用，以供广大分析化学工作者参考．     

群钻钻削力研究：群钻钻削的流屑角模型的试验验证（Ⅱ）

通过钻削的流屑角试验，验证了群钻钻削的流屑角模型的可靠性。     

黑芥（Brassica nigra）核型和Giemsa C带带型的研究

研究了黑芥的核型和染色体的Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ带带型，黑芥有８对染色体，４对是中部着丝粒染色体，其中４对是亚中部着丝粒染色体，在４对亚中部着丝粒染色体中有２对具随体，黑芥的核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）用ＨＳＧ法得到ＧｉｅｍｓａＣ带带型，黑芥的Ｃ带带型为ＣＩＴ型，黑芥的染色体具有着丝粒带、中间带，端带和全带，黑芥的ＧｉｅｍｓａＣ带带型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝ＣＩＴ型＝２Ｃ＋     

丹参等十一种中草药中微量元素的测定及其药效分析

近年来的研究发现,中草药中微量元素可能具有某些生理活性。为了探索微量元素与药效的关系,我们对十一种中草药,即丹参,太子参、淫羊藿、白芍药、狗脊、槟榔、茯苓、熟地黄、大黄、红花、黑附子,采用原子吸收分光光度法进行了铜、锌、锰、铁、镁、钙六种元素的含量测定,并对微量元素与疾病、药效的关系作了探讨。     

信阳茶园杂草群落及其消长规律的调查报告

本文首次系统地报导了信阳茶园杂草群落及其消长规律。几年来,先后调查了三十六个茶山和大小茶园,作样方139个,经整理有最常见的杂草群落23个,对其群落分布、外貌特征、盖度、消长规律做了详细的观察记载。     

测量荷电水雾水滴荷电量的实验研究

本文对测定荷电水雾水滴荷电量的两种新方法进行了实验研究。结果表明:方波交变电场法在技术上还需作进一步研究和改进;库仑计快速测定法不仅测定准确,且简单灵活、迅适方便,是测定荷电水雾水滴平均荷电量的一种切实可行的方法。     

Fitness of RNA virus decreased by Muller's ratchet

Why sex exists remains an unsolved problem in biology. If mutations are on the average deleterious, a high mutation rate can account for the evolution of sex. One form of this mutational hypothesis is Muller's ratchet. If the mutation rate is high, mutation-free individuals become rare and they can be lost by genetic drift in small populations. In asexual populations, as Muller noted, the loss is irreversible and the load of deleterious mutations increases in a ratchet-like manner with the successive loss of the least-mutated individuals. Sex can be advantageous because it increases the fitness of sexual populations by re-creating mutation-free individuals from mutated individuals and stops (or slows) Muller's ratchet. Although Muller's ratchet is an appealing hypothesis, it has been investigated and documented experimentally in only one group of organisms--ciliated protozoa. I initiated a study to examine the role of Muller's ratchet on the evolution of sex in RNA viruses and report here a significant decrease in fitness due to Muller's ratchet in 20 lineages of the RNA bacteriophage phi 6. These results show that deleterious mutations are generated at a sufficiently high rate to advance Muller's ratchet in an RNA virus and that beneficial, backward and compensatory mutations cannot stop the ratchet in the observed range of fitness decrease.     

几种含盐溶液汽液平衡盐效应的研究

本文用静态法结合双沸点仪比较法测定了氯化钙—水+乙腈、氯化钙—水+1,4-二氧六囨和醋酸钾—水+乙腈、醋酸钾—水+1,4-二氧六囨四个体系的蒸汽压数据。用 Pitzer 方程关联蒸汽压数据,结合 Wilson 活度系数方程对所测体系的汽液平衡数据进行了计算。结果表明:所有体系,盐对水组分均起盐溶作用,对有机组分起盐析作用。在所研究的浓度范围内,氯化钙和醋酸钾对乙腈+水体系表现出类似的盐效应,而在1,4-二氧六囨+水体系中,氯化钙对水溶剂的盐溶作明显地大于醋酸钾。     

矿焦混装对软熔带透气性影响的研究

用熔滴实验装置研究了矿、焦层装及混装时矿石软熔层的透气性,发现混装时软熔层的透气性获得大幅度改善。获得改善的原因在于混装时软溶层的结构发生了质的变化。