HPLC法同时测定槐角中4种黄酮苷元组分

建立同时测定槐角中4种黄酮苷元组分(槲皮素、染料木素、山奈素、异鼠李素)的高效液相色谱测定方法.采用分离柱Hypersil BDS C18(25 cm×4.6 mm ID,5μm);主泵压力9 MPa;流动相为甲醇∶水∶磷酸(48∶52∶0.3);流速0.8 mL.min-1;检测器为VWD紫外检测仪,波长254 nm,灵敏度0.04AU;柱温45℃.槲皮素在0.029～0.285μg、染料木素在0.030～0.300μg、山奈素在0.031～0.305μg、异鼠李素在0.024～0.240μg线性关系良好,r分别为0.999 7、0.999 5、0.999 8、0.999 8.4种组分平均回收率为98.9%、99.2%、98.3%、98.8%,RSD分别为0.62%、0.86%、1.28%、0.82%(n=9).结果显示,该方法同时测定4种有效成分,简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高,重复性好.     

基于信誉机制的理性秘密共享方案

理性秘密共享是博弈论与传统秘密共享相结合产生的新的研究方向。在理性秘密共享中,参与者从利益最大化的角度选择行为,在秘密重构阶段易出现"空威胁"和最后一轮不合作的问题。本文基于博弈论分析完全理性参与者在信誉机制下的行为偏好,采用激励相容原理,设计信誉惩罚机制,构建一个理性秘密共享方案。该方案通过信誉惩罚机制有效的约束完全理性参与者的行为,避免出现"空威胁"。并由信誉最高的参与者充当"可信中心"进行秘密重构,有效的解决在秘密重构阶段最后一轮各个参与者相互不合作的问题,防止参与者相互合谋的行为。     

不同金属离子改性CMC-PVA/CS-PVA双极膜的研究

分别用Fe3+、Cr3+和Ca2+对羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)阳膜层进行改性,制备了Me-CMC-PVA/CS-PVA双极膜(双极膜简记为BPM,CS为壳聚糖,Me=Fe3+,Cr3+或Ca2+).研究表明,Fe-CMC-PVA阳膜亲水性强于以Cr3+或Ca2+改性的CMC-PVA阳膜,相应地,Fe-CMC-PVA/CS-PVABPM中间界面层水解离能力也较强,膜IR降和槽电压也较低.此外,Fe-CMC-PVA/CS-PVA BPM的机械性能、热稳定性也较好,其在水和酸、碱溶液中的溶胀度也较低,有效地提高了双极膜的性能.     

混合正态分布的收敛速度

研究了混合正态分布的收敛速度,得到了一致收敛速度.     

Sr-Nd isotope stratification along water depth: An example from Datong hydrological station of Yangtze River

This study examines the effects of hydrologic sorting and mixing of sources on the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of suspended sediments at different water depths. The samples were collected from three layers (surface, middle and bottom) at Datong hydrological station of Yangtze River during the flood season of 2010. Our results show that, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values decrease from surface to bottom, ranging from 0.730332 to 0.720857. ε Nd (0) values range from 14.75 to 10.09, with surface sediments being the most negative. The isotope composition at the middle layer can best represent the mean isotopic composition of the total suspended sediments transported by a river. It is believed that the stratification of Sr-Nd isotope is attributable to mixing of sediments from different sources due to hydrological sorting. Sediments from the upper stream are found to be coarser, and tend to contribute more to the lower water column. Although Sr-Nd isotope is a well acknowledged tool to trace sediment provenance, the current study suggests that the grain size of the samples and the sampling locations should be taken into consideration when applying this method to provenance study.     

Hydrodynamic process of Tibetan Plateau lake revealed by grain size: Case study of Pumayum Co

Under the background of global warming,some lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) are potentially sensitive to temperature change.With a case study of Pumayum Co,where glacier meltwater is important to supply(we call this a glacier-fed lake hereafter),we analyze the sensitivity of lake sediment grain size to temperature change.This is done by resolving the modern hydrodynamic process,coupled with comparison of paleoclimatic proxies.According to the spatial distributions of parameters,percentage of grain size and the grain size frequency distribution curve,hydrodynamic processes are analyzed.Five clastic sedimentation types are thereby discriminated.In the open lake area,suspended load transport is the main transport agent.Grain Size Trend Analysis(GSTA),a sediment dynamics model,reveals a trend toward eastward transport.This indicates that the largest and glacier-fed river,the Jiaqu River,influences the entire lake(not just the subsurface alluvial fan),and that lake sediment grain size may serve as a temperature indicator.Time series comparison between grain size of a short core from the central lake and meteorological data confirms this temperature indication,which in turn shows reliability of the method discriminating the hydrodynamic process.This case study will improve the ability of paleoclimatic reconstruction using lake sediment in glacier-fed lakes on the Tibetan Plateau.     

Experimental study of n-heptane ignition delay with carbon dioxide addition in a rapid compression machine under low-temperature conditions

The ignition delay of n-heptane homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) combustion under high levels of carbon dioxide addition was quantitatively measured at elevated pressure from low to intermediate temperatures in a rapid compression machine.The experiments were conducted in the compressed temperature range 613-750 K.Both the compression ratio and fuel/air equivalence ratio were varied to investigate their effects on the ignition delay of n-heptane.Carbon dioxide was subsequently added to study the influence of the carbon dioxide level on the ignition delay of n-heptane under low-temperature conditions.It was found that carbon dioxide had different effects on the two-stages of ignition delay of n-heptane under low-temperature conditions:the concentration of carbon dioxide had little effect on the first-stage ignition time;a certain concentration of carbon dioxide accelerated the first-stage ignition but had a significantly larger impact on the second-stage ignition delay,thus increasing the overall ignition delay time.The results also showed that the first-stage ignition delay of n-heptane is only a function of temperature under low-temperature conditions.The mass of n-heptane in the combustible mixture,the equivalence ratio,and the pressure at the top dead center had little effect on the first-stage ignition time of n-heptane.     

钢管混凝土拱—钢腹板PC箱型系梁组合桥梁

为减轻钢管混凝土拱梁组合体系桥的自重,提出了采用钢腹板(平钢腹板或波纹钢腹板)代替PC箱形系梁的混凝土腹板,从而形成钢腹板PC箱形系梁。以一座已建成的钢管混凝土拱梁组合体系桥为原桥,进行了钢腹板PC箱形系梁的试设计研究。结果表明,试设计桥由于减小了自重下的内力,降低了面内自振频率,从而改善了原桥的静力和抗震性能。此外,试设计桥经济性好且方便施工,说明钢管混凝土拱—钢腹板PC箱型系梁组合桥梁是可行的。     

有机膨润土辛硫磷缓释剂的制备和释放研究

使用缓释剂是减少农药对环境污染的有效策略。为开发成本低廉且具有释放速度调节能力的农药缓释剂,以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(HTMAC)为改性剂制备的有机膨润土作为辛硫磷的载体,制备辛硫磷缓释颗粒剂,分析在水中辛硫磷颗粒剂的释放行为。结果显示,HTMAC改性有机膨润土对辛硫磷具有良好的吸附性能,其吸附量最高可达0.966 g/g膨润土。有机膨润土极大延缓了辛硫磷的释放速率,控制季铵盐的用量可以在一定程度上调节辛硫磷的释放速率,50%辛硫磷活性成分从改性剂用量为50%、100%和150%可交换阳离子容量的有机膨润土颗粒剂的释放时间T50分别为普通颗粒剂的3.4倍、10.4倍和10.1倍。     

关中环线阳郭段滑坡灾害调查与防治对策

为进一步研究公路边坡滑坡灾害的形成机理和原因,找出影响其破坏程度的各种因素,并提出灾害防治对策建议,采用实地调查和理论分析的手段对陕西关中环线阳郭段进行了研究。查明了研究路段边坡滑坡的概况,对7处主要滑坡点的形态、成因和发展趋势进行了分析;从上边坡和下边坡两个方面阐释了滑坡产生的原因,认为地形地貌、地层岩性、人类活动、降雨和水文地质条件以及排水系统和植被覆盖度为影响滑坡发育的主要因素;最后针对滑坡灾害提出了加强地表和地下排水、边坡防护和设置抗滑桩等防治对策。研究成果具有一定的适用性,可为公路工程防减灾提供一定的依据。