有限元仿真在船舶碰撞研究中的运用

结合实际碰撞案例,建立整船三维仿真模型,对船舶碰撞动力学过程进行有限元计算,分析得到船舶碰撞过程机理:船舶从碰撞接触到船体破损变形的时间很短,这一过程中船壳和骨架的破损并不同步;局部现象明显,碰撞区域变形很大,远离碰撞区域的变形几乎为零.仿真结果可以很好地模拟再现碰撞破损过程,与真实碰撞数据相吻合.这种定量地从船体结构角度研究船舶碰撞的方法,比以往定性研究船舶碰撞原因更具信服力,为研究船舶安全和海事调查提供了一种有效方法.     

基于动态嵌套网格方法的摆动翼型粘性绕流数值模拟

该文根据摆动翼型的流场特性运用动态嵌套网格技术将其划分为不同的子区,在不同的子区中使用不同的流动控制方程,以提高计算效率.对翼型生成一个随其摆动的相对较小较密的贴体网格,在它上面采用Navier Stokes方程;对整个流场生成了一个大的相对较稀的静止背景网格,在它上面采用Euler方程.两个网格间的流场信息交换通过动态嵌套网格技术来实现.通过与单块翼型网格的计算过程和计算结果的对比分析,表明该方法在不损失计算精度的前提下计算非定常问题时具有相对较高的计算效率.     

OsNAC2转录因子介导生长素代谢通路调节水稻早期根的发育

NAC家族是植物特有的一类转录因子,在植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫等方面具有重要的功能.研究发现,OsNAC2基因的过表达(ON11)和RNAi(RNAi31)转基因株系,早期主根的长度有显著变化的特征.与野生型日本晴水稻(WT)相比,ON11植株的主根变短,而RNAi31的主根变长.通过对早期OsNAC2pro∶∶GUS株系根尖染色结果表明OsNAC2在根尖具有时序性表达.不同激素诱导OsNAC2表达谱和OsNAC2pro∶∶GUS株系对激素响应结果显示OsNAC2受生长素显著性诱导.结合芯片数据和qRT-PCR分析,OsNAC2转基因株系中生长素合成代谢及信号通路相关基因表达量变化较为明显.同时,ON11根尖淀粉粒发育及其向重力性受到抑制.因此,推测OsNAC2可能通过抑制生长素的合成代谢及信号通路相关基因的表达,降低生长素含量,并参与生长素响应通路,最终影响水稻根的生长.     

二维圆柱层流绕流及其控制数值模拟

采用有限体积法求解二维N-S方程,通过改变时间、空间计算参数,对雷诺数100的二维圆柱非定常流场进行了数值模拟,将所得结果与实验数据以及已有的计算结果进行了对比.并对在尾部多个位置加入不同长度阻隔板控制流动的圆柱流场进行了考察.结果发现:在合适的位置放置阻隔板,可以有效抑制尾迹中涡脱落的形成.     

不可压混流驱动问题全离散最小二乘混合元方法

讨论了不可压缩混流驱动问题的全离散最小二乘混合元方法.利用最小二乘混合元方法逼近压力方程,而用全离散标准Galakin方法逼近浓度方程,通过引进椭圆投影进行误差分析,最后得到最优误差估计.     

加速经济转型的科技战略管理工具:技术路线图

技术路线图作为一种技术预见方法和战略管理规划工具,被广泛地应用到各个领域,主要为国家、产业以及公司的发展规划提供技术预见和战略谋划。同时,也可以有效解决山西省科技战略研究中将科技规划的顶层设计与产业转型升级的实际需求紧密联系的矛盾。     

Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease.

A locus segregating with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mapped to chromosome 21, close to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. Recombinants between the APP gene and the AD locus have been reported which seemed to exclude it as the site of the mutation causing familial AD. But recent genetic analysis of a large number of AD families has demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous. Families with late-onset AD do not show linkage to chromosome 21 markers. Some families with early-onset AD show linkage to chromosome 21 markers, but some do not. This has led to the suggestion that there is non-allelic genetic heterogeneity even within early onset familial AD. To avoid the problems that heterogeneity poses for genetic analysis, we have examined the cosegregation of AD and markers along the long arm of chromosome 21 in a single family with AD confirmed by autopsy. Here we demonstrate that in this kindred, which shows linkage to chromosome 21 markers, there is a point mutation in the APP gene. This mutation causes an amino-acid substitution (Val----Ile) close to the carboxy terminus of the beta-amyloid peptide. Screening other cases of familial AD revealed a second unrelated family in which this variant occurs. This suggests that some cases of AD could be caused by mutations in the APP gene.     

中国碳纳米管领域研发能力评估

碳纳米管是国际材料科学的前沿领域之一,研究成果不断涌现,这些研究成果主要以研究论文和专利的形式出现。随着近年来中国科研实力的提升,中国科学家在碳纳米管研究领域也取得了相当突出的成绩,影响力越来越大。利用Web of Science和Derwent Aureka对2000—2009年碳纳米管相关的论文及专利进行检索分析,对我国碳纳米管领域的研发能力进行了评估。     

Overexpression of N-cadherin is correlated with metastasis and worse survival in colorectal cancer patients

N-cadherin is related to the progression and metastases of several solid carcinomas. However, it was still unclear whether N-cadherin is overexpressed in colorectal malignant tumors that have stronger malignant tendency. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression patterns of N-cadherin in both the primary tumors and their normal mucosa tissues of 120 patients with colorectal cancer. We revealed that N-cadherin was expressed in 78.3% (94/120) of colorectal tumor tissues and in only 9.2% (11/120) of paired distant normal mucosa tissues with a significant difference (P=0.000). The low, moderate, and high expression of N-cadherin protein was 42.5%, 30.8%, and 26.7%, respectively. N-cadherin overexpression was associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph nodes metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Patients with N-cadherin overexpressed showed the obvious lower overall survival rate than those with moderate and low expression, and patients with low expression had a better survival rate than those with moderate and high expression (P<0.05). In conclusion, high N-cadherin expression may lead to tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential in colorectal cancer, and may prove to be a possible prognostic factor.     

短小芽孢杆菌C-9葡聚糖内切酶基因的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

从短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)C-9中克隆得到葡聚糖内切酶基因,该基因包含1980 bp核苷酸,编码559个氨基酸,其N端有一个预测的29个氨基酸的信号肽序列;以YIp5质粒为骨架,构建rDNA介导的多拷贝整合载体,实现葡聚糖内切酶在酿酒酵母中的高效、稳定表达。与对照菌株相比,含有葡聚糖内切酶基因的重组酿酒酵母可以在以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的培养基上生长。