Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.     

新时期高校院所国家科技经费管理现状及对策

＂十二五＂时期,我国将进入以创新促转型,以转型促发展的新阶段,面对促进经济转型、创新发展模式的艰巨任务,高校院所是我国开展创新科学研究的一支重要力量。近年来,随着高等教育事业的蓬勃发展,高校院所承担的科研项目和筹措的科技经费均呈现大幅度增长,科技经费已成为高校院所重要的资金来源之一。如何提高国家科技经费的使用率、更好发挥国家财政科技经费的引导作用,是我国提高科技创新能力的一个重要任务。为提高国家财政科技经费资金使用效益,确保科研工作健康发展,需高度重视、加强高校院所国家财政科技经费管理及对策研究。     

Statistical inference for simple tree order in the means of stochastic order on stratified contingency tables

In this paper, we consider testing the hypothesis that all multinomial populations in the stratified contingency table are identically distributed against the alternative that all these popula-tions are in simple tree order. We provide an asymptotic represen-tation of the order-restricted maximum likelihood estimate of the unknown parameters. The resulting estimators are proven to be n-consistent and asymptotically normal under appropriate con-ditions. A chi-squared test method is used for this hypothesis t...     

Process capability analysis and estimation scheme for autocorrelated data

<正>Autocorrelation is prevalent in continuous production processes,such as the processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.With the development of measurement technology and data acquisition technology,sampling frequency is getting higher and the existence of autocorrelation cannot be ignored.This paper analyzes five estimation schemes of process capability for autocorrelated data.Comparisons among these schemes are discussed for small sample and large sample.In conclusion,this paper gives a procedure of process capability analysis for autocorrelated data.     

New design and analysis of finite difference domain decomposition algorithm for the two-dimensional heat equation

<正> It is presented in this paper that the new design and its analysis of finite difference domaindecomposition algorithms for the two-dimensional heat equation,and the numerical results have shownthe stability and accuracy of the algorithms,where Saul'yev asymmetric schemes have been used atthe interface points.The Algorithm Ⅱ in this paper has further extended those developed by Dawsonand the others,Zhang and Shen.     

太阳能在公路交通领域中的应用

太阳能以其节能、清洁、零排放、来源广泛、安全等特点,成为目前各种新能源中越来越受重视的一种绿色能源。通过对太阳能设施在公路交通各领域中的应用分析,提出了缓解交通能源危机及交通环境问题的新思路。     

And Yet It Moves: The Observability of the Rotation of the Earth

A central point of controversy in the time of the Copernican Revolution was the motion, or not, of the earth. We now take it for granted that Copernicus and Galileo were right; the earth really does move. But to what extent is this conclusion based on observation? This paper explores the meaning and observability of the rotation of the earth and shows that the phenomenon was not observable at the time of Galileo, and it is not observable now.     

Informational Branching Universe

This paper suggests an epistemic interpretation of Belnap’s branching space-times theory based on Everett’s relative state formulation of the measurement operation in quantum mechanics. The informational branching models of the universe are evolving structures defined from a partial ordering relation on the set of memory states of the impersonal observer. The totally ordered set of their information contents defines a linear “time” scale to which the decoherent alternative histories of the informational universe can be referred—which is quite necessary for assigning them a probability distribution. The “historical” state of a physical system is represented in an appropriate extended Hilbert space and an algebra of multi-branch operators is developed. An age operator computes the informational depth of historical states and its standard deviation can be used to provide a universal information/energy uncertainty relation. An information operator computes the encoding complexity of historical states, the rate of change of its average value accounting for the process of correlation destruction inherent to the branching dynamics. In the informational branching models of the universe, the asymmetry of phenomena in nature appears as a mere consequence of the subject’s activity of measuring, which defines the flow of time-information.     

浅谈混凝土楼板裂缝的产生、预防及处理

混凝土质量的好坏,既影响结构的安全,也影响建筑物的美观,同时对结构物的造价也有一定的影响.混凝土的裂缝是混凝土质量的一个重要因素,是一个非常普遍但处理起来又非常困难的实际问题,文章对混凝土产生裂缝的原因进行了简单分析,并针对具体情况提出了一些预防、处理措施.     

A novel numerical method for infinite domain potential problems

The infinite domain potential problems arise in many branches of scientific and engineering fields, which by now still pose a great challenge to scientific computing community.This study proposes a novel meshless singular boundary method (SBM) to solve infinite domain potential problems.The SBM is mathematically simple, easy-to-program, meshless and integration-free.To guar-antee the uniqueness of numerical solutions, this article adds a constant term into the SBM approximate representation.The effi-ciency ...