Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator—emerging regulator of cancer

Mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis, the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disease among Caucasians. CFTR mutations have also been linked to increased risk of various cancers but remained controversial for a long time. Recent studies have begun to reveal that CFTR is not merely an ion channel but also an important regulator of cancer development and progression with multiple signaling pathways identified. In this review, we will first present clinical findings showing the correlation of genetic mutations or aberrant expression of CFTR with cancer incidence in multiple cancers. We will then focus on the roles of CFTR in fundamental cellular processes including transformation, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, highlighting the signaling pathways involved. Finally, the association of CFTR expression levels with patient prognosis, and the potential of CFTR as a cancer prognosis indicator in human malignancies will be discussed.     

Differentiated cells are more efficient than adult stem cells for cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer

Since the creation of Dolly via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), more than a dozen species of mammals have been cloned using this technology. One hypothesis for the limited success of cloning via SCNT (1%-5%) is that the clones are likely to be derived from adult stem cells. Support for this hypothesis comes from the findings that the reproductive cloning efficiency for embryonic stem cells is five to ten times higher than that for somatic cells as donors and that cloned pups cannot be produced directly from cloned embryos derived from differentiated B and T cells or neuronal cells. The question remains as to whether SCNT-derived animal clones can be derived from truly differentiated somatic cells. We tested this hypothesis with mouse hematopoietic cells at different differentiation stages: hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and granulocytes. We found that cloning efficiency increases over the differentiation hierarchy, and terminally differentiated postmitotic granulocytes yield cloned pups with the greatest cloning efficiency.     

中等专业学校加强档案工作建设刍议

作为纪录历史的档案文献,是党和国家的宝贵财富。学校档案工作是我国教育事业的重要组成部分,对学校教育教学管理和国家经济建设有着及其重要的作用。文章从梳理学校档案工作的概念和作用入手,对中等专业学校档案工作存在问题进行分析,提出一些加强这项工作的措施,以求科学、规范地做好中等专业学校档案工作。     

汽轮机通流部分清洗技术在6MW机组中的应用

通过对霍州煤电煤矸石热电厂2#汽轮机组推力瓦温度高原因分析,得出其主要原因为通流部分结垢严重,流通不畅,导致汽轮机做功能力下降,使机组无法带至额定负荷;并对通流部分结垢的原因进行分析、研究,作出清洗处理,有效降低了机组运行中的推力瓦温度,以提高机组的安全经济性。     

高超声速飞行器输入受限模糊反演控制

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器控制中存在的执行机构受限问题,提出一种模糊反演控制设计策略。设计一种新的辅助系统分别对跟踪误差和控制律进行补偿,在物理执行机构受限时能够同时保证闭环系统及跟踪误差的有界性。在反演控制的设计框架下,引入模糊控制器逼近模型中的不确定项,提高控制系统的鲁棒性。为防止出现传统反演方法中存在的“微分膨胀”问题,引入滑模微分器对虚拟导数进行求解。最后,通过实例仿真验证所设计控制策略的有效性。     

Interleukin-33 stimulates formation of functional osteoclasts from human CD14+ monocytes

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a recently described pro-inflammatory cytokine. Here we demonstrate IL-33 as a regulator of functional osteoclasts (OCs) from human CD14⁺ monocytes. IL-33 stimulates formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)⁺ multinuclear OCs from monocytes. This action was suppressed by anti-ST2 antibody, suggesting that IL-33 acts through its receptor ST2, but not by the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) decoy, osteoprotegerin, or anti-RANKL antibody. IL-33 stimulated activating phosphorylations of signaling molecules in monocytes that are critical for OC development. These included Syk, phospholipase Cγ2, Gab2, MAP kinases, TAK-1, and NF-κB. IL-33 also enhanced expression of OC differentiation factors including TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1, c-Fos, c-Src, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor. IL-33 eventually induced bone resorption. This study suggests that the osteoclastogenic property of IL-33 is mediated through TRAF6 as well as the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-dependent Syk/PLCγ pathway in human CD14⁺ monocytes.     

基于轻小型无人机雷达的植被高度反演方法

针对目前主流雷达传感器难以满足轻小型无人机载荷需要,且存在着数据获取成本高及算法模型复杂的问题,在自行研制的一种高度集成、轻量化且具有高可靠性的轻小型无人机雷达系统基础上,发展了一种植被高度信息反演新方法。该方法中使用二维滤波抑制直耦波能量,基于剩余图像熵的自适应主元分析去噪方法解决传统方法主元选择不稳定的问题,并基于互相关信息的后向投影算法进一步增强目标信号,最后应用Sobel算子提取植被高度。实验结果表明,该方法反演得到的植被高度和验证数据的相关性达到0.92,均方根误差可达1.28 m。