香港室内氡水平及其与建筑物表面氡析出率的关系

本文报导用活性炭盒吸附方法对香港室内氡浓度的测量结果及其浓度分布规律。对室内氡浓度与建筑物表面氡析出率的关系进行了分析研究。证实室内空气中的氡主要来源于建材中的镭,而氡浓度水平只决定于室内建筑物表面氡的析出率及通风状况。     

Human immunodeficiency virus genetic variation that can escape cytotoxic T cell recognition.

In a longitudinal study of HIV seropositive patients, there were fluctuations in the specificity of cytotoxic T cells for the virus. This was matched by variability in proviral gag DNA epitope sequences in the lymphocytes of these patients. Some of these viral variants are not recognized by autologous T cells. Accumulation of such mutations in T-cell antigenic targets would provide a mechanism for immune escape.     

两步进气下吸式固定床气化系统的设计、调试和运行

开发了一套原料处理量为25 kg/h的两步进气下吸式固定床气化系统,并对两步进气直筒形（Stratified）下吸式固定床气化炉的炉型、结构和主体尺寸以及焦油检测系统进行了设计,对鼓风机、引风机、出炭螺旋等关键部件的参数进行了计算。气化炉整体高度为2683 mm,气化炉有效内径为350 mm,所需引风量和鼓风量都是60 m3/h。采用木片为原料,通过冷态实验和热态实验对气化系统进行验证,验证了该气化系统完全满足设计和实验需要。通过对比两步进气和一步进气实验结果,发现两步进气法可有效提升炉体温度,显著提高可燃气中可燃气体组分含量和热值,并有效降低可燃气中焦油含量。     

有机铵表面修饰型针铁矿萃淋材料萃CrO_4~（2－）研究

利用不同取代基有机按的正电性，对控制等电点条件下合成的针铁矿电负性表面进行修饰负载。采用红外光谱，热分析与扫描电镜研究材料的一些基本物性；考查了材料在以铬酸根为代表的二价阴离子萃取体系中有机铵不同取代基和体系中酸碱性对萃取性能的影响规律及其解释，萃取过程动力学因素。该萃淋材料对ＣｒＯ单级提取率大于百分之九十，萃取速度快，半萃取率所需时间仅１分钟左右。     

Exocytotic fusion is activated by Rab3a peptides.

Studies of intracellular traffic in yeast and mammalian systems have implicated members of the Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins as regulators of membrane fusion. We have used the patch clamp technique to measure exocytotic fusion events directly and investigate the role of GTP-binding proteins in regulating exocytosis in mast cells. Intracellular perfusion of mast cells with GTP-gamma S is sufficient to trigger complete exocytotic degranulation in the absence of other intracellular messengers. Here we show that GTP is a potent inhibitor of GTP-gamma S-induced degranulation, indicating that sustained activation of a GTP-binding protein is sufficient for membrane fusion. We have found that synthetic oligopeptides, corresponding to part of the effector domain of Rab3a, stimulate complete exocytotic degranulation, similar to that induced by GTP-gamma S. The response is selective for Rab3a sequence and is strictly dependent on Mg2+ and ATP. This suggests that sustained activation of a Rab3 protein causes exocytotic fusion. The peptide response can be accelerated by GDP-beta S, suggesting that Rab3a peptides compete with endogenous Rab3 proteins for a binding site on a target effector protein, which causes fusion on activation.     

Potentiation of NMDA receptor currents by arachidonic acid.

Arachidonic acid is released by phospholipase A2 when activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by neurotransmitter glutamate raises the calcium concentration in neurons, for example during the initiation of long-term potentiation and during brain anoxia. Here we investigate the effect of arachidonic acid on glutamate-gated ion channels by whole-cell clamping isolated cerebellar granule cells. Arachidonic acid potentiates, and makes more transient, the current through NMDA receptor channels, and slightly reduces the current through non-NMDA receptor channels. Potentiation of the NMDA receptor current results from an increase in channel open probability, with no change in open channel current. We observe potentiation even with saturating levels of agonist at the glutamate- and glycine-binding sites on these channels; it does not result from conversion of arachidonic acid to lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase derivatives, or from activation of protein kinase C. Arachidonic acid may act by binding to a site on the NMDA receptor, or by modifying the receptor's lipid environment. Our results suggest that arachidonic acid released by activation of NMDA (or other) receptors will potentiate NMDA receptor currents, and thus amplify increases in intracellular calcium concentration caused by glutamate. This may explain why inhibition of phospholipase A2 blocks the induction of long-term potentiation.