《大数据百科全书》术语特点及收录与处理原则

大数据发展日新月异,新的应用需求和实践问题层出不穷,社会各界越来越重视大数据的基础研究。百科全书作为知识门类的概述性著作,是开展和推动基础研究的重要载体。作为大数据知识传播的工具,《大数据百科全书》不仅要有实用与新颖兼备的知识内容,并且还应具备准确严谨与通畅易懂的专业化语言文字表达。其中,术语是《大数据百科全书》不可或缺的有机组成部分,文章总结大数据领域的术语特点,并以此提出《大数据百科全书》术语方面的收录和处理原则。     

光盘表面结构的软模板复制及图案化氧化锌薄膜的纳米压印制备

模板的制备和选择在纳米压印技术中非常重要. 采用廉价的光盘为模板, 利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)浇铸到光盘表面, 分离后复制得到光盘的负形结构. 采用纳米压印技术, 以PDMS 软模板作为印章对氧化锌纳米溶胶进行直接压印, 实现了氧化锌薄膜的表面图案化, 经煅烧后得到晶态氧化锌薄膜.     

冠菌素对玉米节间伸长和产量性状的影响

 试验以常用玉米杂交种郑单958为材料,用0.001、0.01、0.1、1μmol/L冠菌素(COR)作处理,清水为对照,通过调查农艺性状、分析生理指标以及产量性状,研究COR对玉米节间伸长的影响.结果表明,随着COR处理浓度的增加,郑单958的株高、穗位高和节间长度均降低,0.01、0.1和1μmol/L COR处理的株高、穗位高以及第2-8节节间长度均低于对照,且差异达到显著或极显著水平.随着COR处理浓度的增加,伸长节间吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性均升高,除0.001μmol/L COR处理外,0.01、0.1和1μmol/L COR处理的IAAO、PAL和POD酶活性均高于对照,且差异达到极显著水平.0.001和0.01μmol/L COR处理的穗长、行粒数、穗重、穗粒重和产量,与对照相比,均呈显著或极显著增加,且随着冠菌素浓度的增加,各性状均呈降低趋势,说明低浓度的COR能增加玉米的产量.综合来看,既能延缓节间伸长生长,又能增加产量的最适COR浓度为0.01μmol/L,因此作为一种玉米延缓剂,COR有较好的应用前景.     

304L不锈钢在核电一回路水中应力腐蚀行为的研究

 在模拟核电一回路高温高压水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法,研究温度对304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响规律。通过扫描电镜观察,对试样断口形貌进行分析。结果表明,在高压水环境中,随着温度的升高,材料有向脆性断裂转变的倾向,抗拉强度等参数变化不大,延伸率和断面收缩率略有降低;在研究温度范围内,304L不锈钢试样断口未发现明显脆性解理特征;温度处于200-345℃区间时,没有发现存在304L不锈钢敏感温度,材料应力腐蚀敏感性较低。     

某类重特大火灾数值模拟研究

某酒吧火灾、深圳舞王俱乐部火灾和福建长乐拉丁酒吧火灾的发生场所和火灾原因类似,且短时间就造成大量人员伤亡,研究这类火灾防控措施有较好的意义。本文利用FDS软件构造某酒吧的火灾模型,合理分析场所的人员情况设定疏散模拟参数,根据火场情况设定合适的火灾场景,分析热辐射、烟气温度、烟气毒性、烟气能见度等参数的变化过程,并得到可用疏散时间。结合CFE软件进行人员疏散过程模拟,模拟的预期火灾人员伤亡与实际情况较好相符;并对不同的可燃物类型、消防设施状况和待疏散人数进行火灾后果分析,可燃物分析结果说明装修用聚氨酯泡沫吸音棉是造成火灾极速蔓延的直接原因,这类材料产生大量的有毒浓烟,很快就造成人员伤亡;不同消防设施模拟分析的结果体现了自动消防设施的重要作用,公共娱乐场所的自动喷水灭火系统应推广快速响应喷头,未按国家标准安装自动消防设施是造成重大火灾人员伤亡的成灾原因;对酒吧不同待疏散人数的火灾预期伤亡数定量分析证明了公共娱乐场所定员管理的重要意义;模拟分析的结果可用于此类火灾成因分析和火灾防控措施研究。     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

A comparison of optimization theories for energy conservation in heat exchanger groups

In general,thermal processes can be classified into two categories: heat-work conversion processes and heat transfer processes. Correspondingly,the optimization of thermal processes has to have two different criteria:the well known entropy generation minimization method and the recently proposed entransy dissipation maximization method. This study analyzes the thermal issues in a heat exchanger group,and optimizes the unit arrangements under different constraints based on a suitable optimization crite-rion. The result indicates that the principle of minimum entropy generation rate is valid for optimizing heat exchangers in a ther-modynamic cycle with given boundary temperatures. In contrast,the entransy dissipation maximization is more suitable in heat exchanger optimizations involving only heat transfer processes. Furthermore,the entropy generation rate induced by dumping used streams into ambient surroundings has to be taken into account,except for that originating from the hot and cold-ends of heat exchangers,when using the entropy generation minimization to optimize heat exchangers undergoing a thermodynamic cycle.     

Forced response of atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model

Variations in global atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium are simulated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. The model was driven by reconstructions of both natural forcing (solar variability and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol). The model results are compared against proxy reconstruction data. The reconstructed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was out of phase with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the last millennium. During the ...     

论思维的复杂系统模型暨新一代专家系统的设想

在复杂系统研究思想指导下,构建了基于神经元网络结构的复杂系统思维模型,提出以网络节点表示概念,以网络连接表示命题,以网络回路实现知识表达,以网络节点间的时空动力学激发实现演绎推理等思维活动的理论新框架,并以此为基础对新一代专家系统进行了设计。     

聚苯胺修饰石墨烯纳米片的分散行为

针对氧化石墨(GO)用化学方法还原为石墨烯纳米片(GN)后极易再配列为类似石墨结构层状物的问题,本工作在GO还原过程中用聚苯胺(PANI)修饰石墨烯纳米片(P-GN),发现即使干燥后,P-GN仍可在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中呈分散状态稳定存在.