Morphology and contact mechanics influence adhesive characteristics of Dung Beetle’s bristle and Gecko’s setae

Geckos (Gekko gecko) use their hairy setae to adhere on various solid surfaces and dung beetles (Copris ochus Motschulsky) use their hairy bristles to anti-adhere in sticky environments. We study why two hairy systems express a conflict in functions by using SEM, histological approaches and functional experiments. Adhesion models and various parameters were collected and analyzed. Based on the morphological data and functional experimental results carried out by natural and denatured gecko setae and beetle bristles, we first demonstrated that the stiffness along the hair is 1000 to 30000 times that perpendicular to the hair. This stiffness difference is the key factor leading to the two hairy systems’ functional differences. Slope of gecko setae reduces contact stiffness, increases contact points and real contact area that results in amazing adhesive abilities. On the other hand, stiff bristles in a beetle have higher contact stiffness, which reduces the real contact area and decreases the adhesion between two contact surfaces. Deformation of gecko setae destroys the hierarchical structure, increases the contact stiffness and results in a decrease of adhesion forces. Similarly, deformation of beetle bristles destroys the erect structure of the hair, interconnects the separated bristles and thus decreases the anti-adhesive functions. These observations inspire us in designing anti-adhesive and adhesive biomimetic systems.     

乌鲁木齐城市北郊防护林生态网络体系规划初探

乌鲁木齐城市北郊防护林体系作为乌鲁木齐城市生态防护系统的重要组成部分,对城市环境质量的改善有着不可替代的作用。本文结合北郊区域现状,提出了以"绿网"、"绿廊"为骨架,镶嵌以"绿斑"的北郊防护林生态网络体系的规划构想。     

基于成本的连杆机构的稳健性设计

考虑机构机械误差,将机械误差作为随机因素,以制造成本作为优化设计的目标,对结构参数误差进行优化设计,最忧分配设计参数的公差,降低机构的总体加工成本,较好地解决设计性能与经济性之间的矛盾.     

生物质气化洗焦废水的混凝吸附对微生物降解的影响

为了提高生物质气化洗焦废水的处理效果，利用普通混凝剂、电厂粉煤灰和颗粒活性炭（GAC）对生物质气化洗焦废水进行混凝沉降试验和静态吸附试验。经混凝沉淀、吸附后的生物质气化洗焦废水接种微生物菌种进行微生物降解试验。混凝剂明矾和Al2(SO4)3对生物质气化洗焦废水的浊度和悬浮物可有效去除，但COD去除率较低，色度去除率极低；电厂粉煤灰对生物质气化洗焦废水的浊度、色度、COD去除率很低，电厂粉煤灰与明矾或Al2(SO4)3共用使用可明显提高对浊度、COD的去除率，且混凝沉降速度明显提高，絮凝物紧密稳定。经混凝吸附处理的生物质气化洗焦废水，微生物降解速度和降解率均显著提高。     

Precipitation behavior and grain refinement of burnishing Al-Zn-Mg alloy

Burnishing is a unique strengthening approach to improve the strength of surface layer and remains the ductility of the interior of metallic materials. In this work, burnishing treatment was employed to improve the surface microstructure of naturally aged Al-Zn-Mg alloys after solid solution. Transmission electron microscopy, highresolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nano-indentation were used to characterize the effects of the burnishing on the microstructures of surface layer and Guinier-Preston(GP) zones. It was indicated that GP zones uniformly distributed and dispersed in the matrix before burnishing, and the amount of GP zones decreased dramatically after burnishing processing. Additionally, the grains in the surficial layer were refined into nano-crystals with an average grain size of 78 nm. Burnishing treatment not only led to formation of large number of dislocation substructures in the sub-surface and near-matrix surface, but also promoted the precipitation of metastable η' phase at grain boundaries. The synergistic effects of the grain refinement, dislocation multiplication and the precipitation of η' phase strengthen the burnished layer of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.     

Corrosion behavior of ferritic ODS steel prepared by adding YH_2 nanoparticles in supercritical water at 600 °C

The corrosion behavior of the ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)steel(14Cr-3Al-2W-0.1Ti)prepared by adding YH_2nanoparticles(NPs)was investigated in supercritical water(SCW)at 600°C for 1500 h.The mass gain of the ODS steel(215.5 mg/dm~2)was lower than that of SUS430 steel(357.2 mg/dm~2).A dual oxide layer generated on the surface of ODS steel after corrosion in SCW.The outer layer was composed of Fe_2O_3and Fe_3O_4,while the inner layer composed of the spinel-type FeCr_2O_4together with Al_2O_3.The generation of Y_2Ti_2O_7NPs in the ODS steel by adding YH_2NPs prohibits the formation of Y-Al-O particles and leaves more Al available to form a continuous protective oxide scale to improve the corrosion resistance.Moreover,the Y_2Ti_2O_7NPs act as efficient barriers to suppress the outward diffusion of metal atoms.This novel ODS steel shows potential applications in supercritical water.     

一种改进的图像恢复遗传算法

遗传算法作为一种高度并行、随机、自适应搜索算法,比其他传统的搜索算法在全局搜索时更有效.但利用简单遗传算法进行图像恢复时,存在严重"过早收敛"的问题,使得图像恢复质量不理想.设计了一种新的二维染色体编码方法,并与模拟退火算法相结合,实验结果表明,该方法能较好克服"过早收敛"现象,对提高退化图像恢复质量有较好效果.     

演化博弈视角下自媒体平台“信息茧房”生成机制研究

随着人工智能、大数据、云计算等新信息技术的发展,信息传播进入新时代。算法凭借其优势,已成为自媒体平台个性化信息传播的核心工具。然而,这种算法驱动的信息传播方式也带来了一系列挑战,如信息茧房。在算法时代下,深入分析信息茧房的形成机制、探究信息茧房的困境的破解办法、规范信息传播是当务之急。本研究从演化博弈理论的角度探讨了自媒体平台推荐算法下信息茧房的形成机制。通过构建自媒体平台与用户之间的博弈模型,本研究分析了信息传播过程中平台和用户的策略选择变化如何导致信息茧房现象。研究发现,通过增加平台推荐异质信息的成本、提高用户接受异质信息的收益,以及政府对同质化推荐策略的惩罚,可以有效减少信息茧房的形成。本研究为规范自媒体推荐算法提供了策略建议,旨在促进信息的多样性和公平性,维护健康的网络信息生态。     

Numerical Investigation of a High-speed Centrifugal Compressor Impeller

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不同时期干旱胁迫对棉花生长和产量的影响Ⅰ.棉花受旱减产原因分析

应用作物产量分析源库性能模式分析棉花受旱减产的原因,结果表明,盛花期胁迫减产最重,其次盛蕾初花期、盛铃始絮期相对较轻。受旱后棉株光合产物向棉铃中分配比例有所增加,减产主要是生物产量降低所致。生育时期不同,棉花光合性能、产量构成各因素对水分胁迫的反应及其对产量形成的影响不同,导致棉花不同时期受旱减产的程度和原因有所不同