Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), on the medial surface of the frontal lobes of the brain, is widely believed to be involved in the regulation of attention. Beyond this, however, its specific contribution to cognition remains uncertain. One influential theory has interpreted activation within the ACC as reflecting 'selection-for-action', a set of processes that guide the selection of environmental objects as triggers of or targets for action. We have proposed an alternative hypothesis, in which the ACC serves not to exert top-down attentional control but instead to detect and signal the occurrence of conflicts in information processing. Here, to test this theory against the selection-for-action theory, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activation during performance of a task where, for a particular subset of trials, the strength of selection-for-action is inversely related to the degree of response conflict. Activity within the ACC was greater during trials featuring high levels of conflict (and weak selection-for-action) than during trials with low levels of conflict (and strong selection-for-action), providing evidence in favour of the conflict-monitoring account of ACC function.     

Putting People First Versus Embedding Autonomy

In this paper the authors undertake a deductive process in which the core of the two concepts (the “democratic developmental state” and Batho Pele) are interpreted and contrasted. The authors highlight some of the critical perspectives on the politics of service delivery; offer practical cases derived from empirical research in which they have been recently involved; and then begin analysing and theorizing based on these. Our argument is that the democratic developmental state has a worm within its rose.     

Identification of clones of mammalian cells by isoenzyme distribution patterns

Résumé Nous avons déterminé les zymogrammes d'estérase de cultures de cellule de ligne L-M en suspension, de son clone (Cl 1) et quatre sous-clones de ce clone. Ces zymogrammes sont reproductibles. Ils offrent des différences caractéristiques et peuvent être utilisés pour l'identification et la distinction des divers clones. Aucune différence n'a été observée dans les modèles d'acide hydroxy deshydrogénase.     

Studies of lipid extracts from red blood cells

Zusammenfassung 35 Sera von Patienten mit infektiöser Mononukleose (10 Kranke, 25 Rekonvaleszenten), 15 Sera von Patienten mit anderen Krankheiten und 15 normale Sera wurden im Komplementbindungstest geprüft, wobei als Antigen ein Lipoidextrakt von Rinder-Erythrozyten verwendet wurde. Sera von Rekonvaleszenten nach infektiöser Mononukleose zeigten eine spezifische Komplementbindung, während bei Patienten vor der Rekonvaleszenz die heterophilen Antikörper im Komplementbindungstest nur dann nachgewiesen werden konnten, wenn die Paul-Bunnellsche Reaktion auch positiv ausfiel.     

DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9

Chromosome 9 is highly structurally polymorphic. It contains the largest autosomal block of heterochromatin, which is heteromorphic in 6-8% of humans, whereas pericentric inversions occur in more than 1% of the population. The finished euchromatic sequence of chromosome 9 comprises 109,044,351 base pairs and represents >99.6% of the region. Analysis of the sequence reveals many intra- and interchromosomal duplications, including segmental duplications adjacent to both the centromere and the large heterochromatic block. We have annotated 1,149 genes, including genes implicated in male-to-female sex reversal, cancer and neurodegenerative disease, and 426 pseudogenes. The chromosome contains the largest interferon gene cluster in the human genome. There is also a region of exceptionally high gene and G + C content including genes paralogous to those in the major histocompatibility complex. We have also detected recently duplicated genes that exhibit different rates of sequence divergence, presumably reflecting natural selection.     

Cholesterol blood levels in Rh sensitized women treated with Rh hapten

Zusammenfassung Cholesterin lässt sich als Bestandteil des ungereinigten Rh-Haptens nachweisen. Deshalb wurde geprüft, ob die perorale Aufnahme dieser Fraktion den Blutcholesterinspiegel beeinflusst. Bei 17 Menschen, die kein Hapten erhielten, und bei 61 Hapten-Empfangenden wurde keine Erhöhung des Cholesterinspiegels festgestellt.