高水基润滑添加剂Bi／Zn—DTP的研究

合成二烷基二硫代磷酸铋素Ｂｉ－ＤＴＰ及锌直Ｚｎ－ＤＴＰ，采用某种助溶剂将它们用于高水基体系，通过四球摩擦磨损试验及磨削应用试验，进行润滑性能评价。     

浅析沥青砼路面施工中质量控制的要点

沥青路面在世界各国采用近百年，从科研设计到施工均有一套完整的理论作为指导，然而由于各地气候条件、施工手段、原材料各异，使这一科学具有复杂和多变性，根据公司施工中存在的问题和自己的经验，提出了对影响沥青砼工程质量的几点看法。     

电流变液的流变性试验和建模

利用旋转粘度计装置,研究电流变液的流变特性.通过试验,分析电场强度、剪切速率和分散相粒子的百分比等对电流变液剪切应力的影响.利用实验数据,建立描述电流变液流变特性的Bingham模型、广义Bingham和非线性模型,并讨论它们的误差.     

固体酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯

以固体酸硫酸氢钠为酸催化剂,浓磷酸、硫脲、溴化钠为辅助剂组成混合物催化剂,用马来酸酐和甲醇为原料多相催化一步合成富马酸二甲酯.反应的最佳条件是:硫酸氢钠0.8g,浓磷酸2.0mL,硫脲1.0g,溴化钠1.0g,马来酸酐与甲醇的物质的量的比例为1∶6.回流反应3小时,产率达80.5%,该法以固体酸硫酸氢钠取代传统酸催化剂浓硫酸,具有反应时间短,产物易于分离,催化剂可回收,对环境污染小的特点.     

微乳模板控制合成磷酸钙盐材料

可以调控和诱导矿化的CTAB／正己醇／十六烷／水和TX100／正己醇／环己烷／水的两个拟三元微乳液体系作为磷酸钙盐矿化的“模板”．利用SEM、TEM、XRD和FT—IR等手段研究了产物的微观结构和组成．结果表明：不同的微乳及微乳中不同的相可以调控产物的形状、结构和大小，而且即使在相同的微乳体系中，由于成核作用的不同也可以导致最终产物的结构的不同．     

纳米光学功能材料Gd2O3:Tb3+的反相微乳合成及发光性能

采用反相微乳液法合成Gd2O3：Tb^3 纳米粒子，对其晶体结构、发光性能和最佳发光离子浓度进行了研究，并且与草酸盐共沉淀法制得的Gd2O3：Tb^3 相比，结果表明，其粒径减小，晶体形成温度降低了近100℃．     

Approaches to prediction of impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on alpine ecosystems alongside and its recovery

With the aid of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the ecosystem pattern and fragility distribution maps of the 50-km-wide zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were compiled and by using the superimposition method, range, area and indexes of the impact of various engineering activities on the ecosystems alongside the railway were studied. By making reference to the ecosystem recovery process of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, mechanisms of recovery of the alpine ecosystems alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were studied and extents and rates of the recovery were predicted.The results indicate that the impact of the railway engineering on the Alpine ecosystem depends mainly on how much the original surface soil in the zone has been disturbed and how fragile of the ecosystem per se. Restoration of vegetation coverage and species abundance shows a significantly reverse relationship with disturbance of the original surface soil but an extremely positive one with the length of the restoration period and mean annual precipitation and annual mean relative humidity in the period and no obvious bearings with altitude and temperature. In sections with an annual precipitation over 200mm, as long as a certain percentage of original soil is left in situ, it takes only 30 years or so for biodiversity to get basically restored to the original level after the construction is completed but at least 45-60 years or more for vegetation coverage.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

二十二碳六烯酸乙酯对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及水肿作用的研究

研究二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(E-DHA)对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及其脑水肿的影响.选用雄性断奶沙土鼠灌胃给予二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(150 mg/(kg·d))或等体积溶媒10周,阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉血流10 min,造成缺血再灌注模型;测定再灌注后脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,超歧化氧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和钾、钠-ATP酶(Na ,K -ATPase)活性,脑水含量,钠、钾离子浓度及海马CA1区神经细胞存活百分数.结果表明:E-DHA预处理显著降低缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织MDA水平,阻止GSH含量、GSH-PX和Na ,K -ATPase活性下降,而对SOD的活性未表现出明显作用;E-DHA亦调节缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织钠、钾离子浓度,减轻缺血再灌注所致的脑水肿和神经细胞死亡.提示E-DHA对脑缺血再灌注脑损伤有显著保护作用,机制可能其与抗氧化作用有关.     

基于数据矩阵分解的相干源方向估计新方法

提出一种相干源存在情况下的波达方向估计新算法。利用阵列快拍数据构造数据矩阵,相关去噪后,通过奇异值分解获得低维信号子空间的估计,然后运用ESPRIT思想估计出波达方向。无论是否存在相干源,新算法均能有效估计出波达方向,并且无需角度搜索,运算量小。该算法虽基于一维线阵,但可直接推广到具有线性性质的二维平面阵,如L形阵、十字阵、双平行线阵等。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性