广州夏季大气中碳气溶胶浓度水平及污染特征

2002年6-7月于广州市3个采样点采集PM10和PM25样品,测定了PM10,PM25以及元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)的浓度.PM10和PM2.5平均浓度分别为124.77μg@m-3及78.13μg@m-3.PM10和PM2.5中的OC浓度分别为22.3μg@m-3和15.80μg@m-3,EC浓度分别为7.78和5.90μg@m-3,其中73.8%的OC和77.7%的EC存在于PM25中.在3个采样点PM10和PM25中,OC/EC比值均大于2.0,表明广州夏季大气存在二次污染.各种气象条件对OC、EC浓度及其比值的变化都有不同程度的影响,其中降水和风速是OC、EC浓度变化的主要气象因素.     

Approaches to prediction of impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on alpine ecosystems alongside and its recovery

With the aid of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the ecosystem pattern and fragility distribution maps of the 50-km-wide zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were compiled and by using the superimposition method, range, area and indexes of the impact of various engineering activities on the ecosystems alongside the railway were studied. By making reference to the ecosystem recovery process of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, mechanisms of recovery of the alpine ecosystems alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were studied and extents and rates of the recovery were predicted.The results indicate that the impact of the railway engineering on the Alpine ecosystem depends mainly on how much the original surface soil in the zone has been disturbed and how fragile of the ecosystem per se. Restoration of vegetation coverage and species abundance shows a significantly reverse relationship with disturbance of the original surface soil but an extremely positive one with the length of the restoration period and mean annual precipitation and annual mean relative humidity in the period and no obvious bearings with altitude and temperature. In sections with an annual precipitation over 200mm, as long as a certain percentage of original soil is left in situ, it takes only 30 years or so for biodiversity to get basically restored to the original level after the construction is completed but at least 45-60 years or more for vegetation coverage.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

Preparation and properties of antimony thin film anode materials

Metallic antimony thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering and electrodeposition. Electrochemical properties of the thin film as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were investigated and compared with those of antimony powder. It was found that both magnetron sputtering and electrodeposition are easily controllable processes to deposit antimony films with flat charge/discharge potential plateaus. The electrochemical performances of antimony thin films, especially those prepared with magnetron sputtering, are better than those of antimony powder. The reversible capacities of the magnetron sputtered antimony thin film are above 400 mA h g^-1 in the first 15 cycles.     

二十二碳六烯酸乙酯对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及水肿作用的研究

研究二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(E-DHA)对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及其脑水肿的影响.选用雄性断奶沙土鼠灌胃给予二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(150 mg/(kg·d))或等体积溶媒10周,阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉血流10 min,造成缺血再灌注模型;测定再灌注后脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,超歧化氧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和钾、钠-ATP酶(Na ,K -ATPase)活性,脑水含量,钠、钾离子浓度及海马CA1区神经细胞存活百分数.结果表明:E-DHA预处理显著降低缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织MDA水平,阻止GSH含量、GSH-PX和Na ,K -ATPase活性下降,而对SOD的活性未表现出明显作用;E-DHA亦调节缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织钠、钾离子浓度,减轻缺血再灌注所致的脑水肿和神经细胞死亡.提示E-DHA对脑缺血再灌注脑损伤有显著保护作用,机制可能其与抗氧化作用有关.     

基于数据矩阵分解的相干源方向估计新方法

提出一种相干源存在情况下的波达方向估计新算法。利用阵列快拍数据构造数据矩阵,相关去噪后,通过奇异值分解获得低维信号子空间的估计,然后运用ESPRIT思想估计出波达方向。无论是否存在相干源,新算法均能有效估计出波达方向,并且无需角度搜索,运算量小。该算法虽基于一维线阵,但可直接推广到具有线性性质的二维平面阵,如L形阵、十字阵、双平行线阵等。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性     

2-D连续-离散系统的平衡模型降阶

基于局部能达性与局部能观性的分析给出2-D连续-离散系统状态空间模型的平衡实现,这一实现的第i个状态分量的重要性由系统的能达、能观阵的第i个对角元素所度量,去掉平衡实现系统弱能达、弱能观的部分,从而得到2-D连续-离散系统的模型降阶。所给示例表明,该方法具有良好的降阶效果。     

带涡产生器的圆管管片式换热器流场及温度场的数值分析

用数值方法分析了涡产生器式圆管管片式换热板芯单个圆管单元区域内的速度场和温度场.计算结构针对某实际换热器结构,S1=20 mm,S2=15.5 mm,tp=2.5 mm,涡产生器攻角为45.°计算时选取雷诺数范围为500~20 000,选取R e=1 000和10 000时的计算结果进行了讨论和分析.涡产生器产生的纵向涡旋增强了圆管尾流区流体的掺混和能量交换,并带动尾流区流体及时向下游流动.与平片翅片结构比较,涡产生器式圆管管片式换热板芯尾流区流体与壁面温差增大,有利于增强换热.     

组合数丢番图方程[2x]=[4y]的正解

运用递推序列法，给出组合数丢番图方程[x2]=[y4]的一个初等解法．     

浅谈中国企业战略问题

中国企业陷入无战略危机的原因是脱离中国企业的现实环境,一味借用并参照西方主流的战略理论来看待自身的战略实践,中国企业已进入开放下的全面竞争阶段,应当适时的形成扎实的系统管理能力,养成战略导向思维,与中国企业的现实环境相匹配,实施灵活的战略和战略管理过程。