含纳米银的抗菌水凝胶研究

 为赋予水凝胶的抗菌性能,该文对含有纳米银的水凝胶进行了研究。首先在硝酸银溶液加入硼氢化钠还原剂和聚乙烯砒咯烷酮分散剂,合成纳米银;然后将不同体积的纳米银分散液加入到卡波姆溶液中,搅拌下滴加氢氧化钠溶液,制备含纳米银的水凝胶。紫外-可见光谱法的结果表明硝酸银被还原成纳米银,X-射线粉末衍射法证实纳米银被分散在水凝胶中,并通过Scherrer公式计算出纳米银的尺寸约为5 nm。溶胀性能测试结果表明水凝胶的溶胀率约为900%。抑菌性能测试结果显示,当水凝胶中纳米银浓度为10 μg/mL（低于纳米银的安全浓度25 μg/mL）,水凝胶能有效抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。所制备的抗菌水凝胶可望应用于创伤皮肤和皮肤疾病的外用治疗。     

关于切比雪夫型方程组的研究

研究了2类二维切比雪夫型方程组的全体复数解,得到了2类二维切比雪夫型方程组的全体复数解的个数定理、解结构定理、解的相关性质及其求解的一般步骤.     

RTK-GPS与全站仪在公路工程测量中长度投影的改正方法

文章结合实际项目阐述了公路工程中RTK-GPS与全站仪在测量长度投影变形值的改正方法.     

Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development

Upon the aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal cells can enter the cellular senescence program, a state of stable cell-cycle arrest, which represents an important barrier against tumour development in vivo. Senescent cells communicate with their environment by secreting various cytokines and growth factors, and it was reported that this 'secretory phenotype' can have pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence occurs in otherwise normal murine hepatocytes in vivo. Pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes secrete chemo- and cytokines and are subject to immune-mediated clearance (designated as 'senescence surveillance'), which depends on an intact CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Impaired immune surveillance of pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes results in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), thus showing that senescence surveillance is important for tumour suppression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, ras-specific Th1 lymphocytes could be detected in mice, in which oncogene-induced senescence had been triggered by hepatic expression of Nras(G12V). We also found that CD4(+) T cells require monocytes/macrophages to execute the clearance of senescent hepatocytes. Our study indicates that senescence surveillance represents an important extrinsic component of the senescence anti-tumour barrier, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program is involved in tumour immune surveillance by mounting specific immune responses against antigens expressed in pre-malignant senescent cells.     

S-nitrosylation of NADPH oxidase regulates cell death in plant immunity

Changes in redox status are a conspicuous feature of immune responses in a variety of eukaryotes, but the associated signalling mechanisms are not well understood. In plants, attempted microbial infection triggers the rapid synthesis of nitric oxide and a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates, the latter generated by NADPH oxidases related to those responsible for the pathogen-activated respiratory burst in phagocytes. Both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates have been implicated in controlling the hypersensitive response, a programmed execution of plant cells at sites of attempted infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin their function and coordinate their synthesis are unknown. Here we show genetic evidence that increases in cysteine thiols modified using nitric oxide, termed S-nitrosothiols, facilitate the hypersensitive response in the absence of the cell death agonist salicylic acid and the synthesis of reactive oxygen intermediates. Surprisingly, when concentrations of S-nitrosothiols were high, nitric oxide function also governed a negative feedback loop limiting the hypersensitive response, mediated by S-nitrosylation of the NADPH oxidase, AtRBOHD, at Cys 890, abolishing its ability to synthesize reactive oxygen intermediates. Accordingly, mutation of Cys 890 compromised S-nitrosothiol-mediated control of AtRBOHD activity, perturbing the magnitude of cell death development. This cysteine is evolutionarily conserved and specifically S-nitrosylated in both human and fly NADPH oxidase, suggesting that this mechanism may govern immune responses in both plants and animals.     

A terahertz metamaterial with unnaturally high refractive index

Controlling the electromagnetic properties of materials, going beyond the limit that is attainable with naturally existing substances, has become a reality with the advent of metamaterials. The range of various structured artificial 'atoms' has promised a vast variety of otherwise unexpected physical phenomena, among which the experimental realization of a negative refractive index has been one of the main foci thus far. Expanding the refractive index into a high positive regime will complete the spectrum of achievable refractive index and provide more design flexibility for transformation optics. Naturally existing transparent materials possess small positive indices of refraction, except for a few semiconductors and insulators, such as lead sulphide or strontium titanate, that exhibit a rather high peak refractive index at mid- and far-infrared frequencies. Previous approaches using metamaterials were not successful in realizing broadband high refractive indices. A broadband high-refractive-index metamaterial structure was theoretically investigated only recently, but the proposed structure does not lend itself to easy implementation. Here we demonstrate that a broadband, extremely high index of refraction can be realized from large-area, free-standing, flexible terahertz metamaterials composed of strongly coupled unit cells. By drastically increasing the effective permittivity through strong capacitive coupling and decreasing the diamagnetic response with a thin metallic structure in the unit cell, a peak refractive index of 38.6 along with a low-frequency quasi-static value of over 20 were experimentally realized for a single-layer terahertz metamaterial, while maintaining low losses. As a natural extension of these single-layer metamaterials, we fabricated quasi-three-dimensional high-refractive-index metamaterials, and obtained a maximum bulk refractive index of 33.2 along with a value of around 8 at the quasi-static limit.     

考虑员工移动成本的车缝生产线平衡问题

针对车缝生产线多品种小批量和自动化程度低等特点,提出了考虑员工多工序作业移动成本和为瓶颈工序增设适量设备的车缝生产线平衡问题。通过引入虚拟工作站和标准在制品（SWIP）库存概念,构建最大平衡率和最小生产节拍的双目标优化模型。最后,通过设计枚举算法和基于贪婪搜索策略的多目标遗传算法获取新增设备方案、标准在制品数量以及线平衡优化方案。车缝生产线实例计算结果表明,线平衡率及生产效率得到大幅提升,验证了模型和算法的合理性与有效性。     

ESR测年法在黄土中的应用及存在的一些问题

ESR测年法近年来迅速发展,填补了铀系不平衡法及14C法所遗留下来的一些空白.介绍ESR法测年的基本原理及特点,重点阐述在黄土测年中的实际应用及存在的一些问题:石英类型的选择,年龄较轻黄土的ESR信号的选择,初始剂量的测定,宇宙射线对样品的贡献,石英重结晶作用对年剂量的影响,放射性元素的衰变规律的校正,含水量的校正,样品周围放射性元素的迁移等.     

基于幂函数控制指令的垂直飞行仿真性能分析

基于模态直接切换的飞行高度控制方法,在输入控制指令后,存在控制量输出震荡,甚至发散的问题。幂函数符合飞行高度指令变化规律,以此为原型函数,推导给定高度,当前高度和垂直速度之间的关系,将这一变换关系作为垂直速度控制回路的输入指令,设计了平稳控制系统,该系统不需要进行控制模态切换,就可以实现飞行高度保持,以及飞行高度的改变。通过A320飞行仿真平台对设计的平稳控制系统进行性能分析,结果表明该系统可以实现高度的平稳控制,且稳态误差得到了很好抑制。