全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3916篇 |
免费 | 137篇 |
国内免费 | 183篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 136篇 |
丛书文集 | 88篇 |
教育与普及 | 66篇 |
理论与方法论 | 11篇 |
现状及发展 | 13篇 |
研究方法 | 19篇 |
综合类 | 3903篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 52篇 |
2021年 | 59篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 25篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 72篇 |
2014年 | 101篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 116篇 |
2011年 | 140篇 |
2010年 | 126篇 |
2009年 | 158篇 |
2008年 | 157篇 |
2007年 | 137篇 |
2006年 | 144篇 |
2005年 | 132篇 |
2004年 | 123篇 |
2003年 | 142篇 |
2002年 | 172篇 |
2001年 | 176篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 248篇 |
1998年 | 210篇 |
1997年 | 173篇 |
1996年 | 144篇 |
1995年 | 153篇 |
1994年 | 138篇 |
1993年 | 110篇 |
1992年 | 121篇 |
1991年 | 109篇 |
1990年 | 111篇 |
1989年 | 104篇 |
1988年 | 81篇 |
1987年 | 64篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4236条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
301.
Larbalestier DC Cooley LD Rikel MO Polyanskii AA Jiang J Patnaik S Cai XY Feldmann DM Gurevich A Squitieri AA Naus MT Eom CB Hellstrom EE Cava RJ Regan KA Rogado N Hayward MA He T Slusky JS Khalifah P Inumaru K Haas M 《Nature》2001,410(6825):186-189
The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride, MgB2, raises many issues, a critical one being whether this material resembles a high-temperature copper oxide superconductor or a low-temperature metallic superconductor in terms of its behaviour in strong magnetic fields. Although the copper oxides exhibit very high transition temperatures, their in-field performance is compromized by their large anisotropy, the result of which is to restrict high bulk current densities to a region much less than the full magnetic-field-temperature (H-T) space over which superconductivity is found. Moreover, the weak coupling across grain boundaries makes transport current densities in untextured polycrystalline samples low and strongly sensitive to magnetic field. Here we report that, despite the multiphase, untextured, microscale, subdivided nature of our MgB2 samples, supercurrents flow throughout the material without exhibiting strong sensitivity to weak magnetic fields. Our combined magnetization, magneto-optical, microscopy and X-ray investigations show that the supercurrent density is mostly determined by flux pinning, rather than by the grain boundary connectivity. Our results therefore suggest that this new superconductor class is not compromized by weak-link problems, a conclusion of significance for practical applications if higher temperature analogues of this compound can be discovered. 相似文献
302.
High critical current density and enhanced irreversibility field in superconducting MgB2 thin films 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Eom CB Lee MK Choi JH Belenky LJ Song X Cooley LD Naus MT Patnaik S Jiang J Rikel M Polyanskii A Gurevich A Cai XY Bu SD Babcock SE Hellstrom EE Larbalestier DC Rogado N Regan KA Hayward MA He T Slusky JS Inumaru K Haas MK Cava RJ 《Nature》2001,411(6837):558-560
The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride offers the possibility of a new class of low-cost, high-performance superconducting materials for magnets and electronic applications. This compound has twice the transition temperature of Nb3Sn and four times that of Nb-Ti alloy, and the vital prerequisite of strongly linked current flow has already been demonstrated. One possible drawback, however, is that the magnetic field at which superconductivity is destroyed is modest. Furthermore, the field which limits the range of practical applications-the irreversibility field H*(T)-is approximately 7 T at liquid helium temperature (4.2 K), significantly lower than about 10 T for Nb-Ti (ref. 6) and approximately 20 T for Nb3Sn (ref. 7). Here we show that MgB2 thin films that are alloyed with oxygen can exhibit a much steeper temperature dependence of H*(T) than is observed in bulk materials, yielding an H* value at 4.2 K greater than 14 T. In addition, very high critical current densities at 4.2 K are achieved: 1 MA cm-2 at 1 T and 105 A cm-2 at 10 T. These results demonstrate that MgB2 has potential for high-field superconducting applications. 相似文献
303.
Chaudhari P Lacey J Doyle J Galligan E Lien SC Callegari A Hougham G Lang ND Andry PS John R Yang KH Lu M Cai C Speidell J Purushothaman S Ritsko J Samant M Stöhr J Nakagawa Y Katoh Y Saitoh Y Sakai K Satoh H Odahara S Nakano H Nakagaki J Shiota Y 《Nature》2001,411(6833):56-59
The technique used to align liquid crystals-rubbing the surface of a substrate on which a liquid crystal is subsequently deposited-has been perfected by the multibillion-dollar liquid-crystal display industry. However, it is widely recognized that a non-contact alignment technique would be highly desirable for future generations of large, high-resolution liquid-crystal displays. A number of alternative alignment techniques have been reported, but none of these have so far been implemented in large-scale manufacturing. Here, we report a non-contact alignment process, which uses low-energy ion beams impinging at a glancing angle on amorphous inorganic films, such as diamond-like carbon. Using this approach, we have produced both laptop and desktop displays in pilot-line manufacturing, and found that displays of higher quality and reliability could be made at a lower cost than the rubbing technique. The mechanism of alignment is explained by adopting a random network model of atomic arrangement in the inorganic films. Order is induced by exposure to an ion beam because unfavourably oriented rings of atoms are selectively destroyed. The planes of the remaining rings are predominantly parallel to the direction of the ion beam. 相似文献
304.
The technique of neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been employed to measure the content of 29 kinds of elements in the sample of Yaozhou porcelain bodies,Then a fuzzy cluster analsis has been conducted to the NAA data and a diagram of the dynamic fuzzy cluster analysis has been achived,The results indicate that the batch of ancient Yaozhou porcelain bodies,which were of different overglaze color and were produced by different kilns during a period of over 800 years from the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) to the Yuan Dyansty(1271-1368 A.D.) ,has shared a stable and concentrated raw material source,Provenances of porcelain bodies from different times ,though having their specific independence ,enjoy a close relationship and are not far from one another,Provenances of porcelain bodies made during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties (907-960 A.D.)are found to be closer to one another,while those of the Song (960-1279A.D.) and the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 A.D.)are comparatively concentrated in certain areas and are different from those of the Tang Dynasty .Both the tri-colored glazed pottery made in Yaozhou kilns during the Tang Dynasty and the Yaozhou porcelain bodies of the Tang period are from the same provenance. 相似文献
305.
306.
307.
308.
ZHAO HuaBing LI YongJun CHEN Wei CAI BaoLi 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(14):1942-1948
A novel salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase involved in catabolism of naphthalene from Pseudomonas putida ND6, NahV, has been identified. NahV exhibited lower identity in amino acid sequence with the classic salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase, NahF, from P. putida ND6. This is the first report of an isofunctional enzyme of bacterial salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase. Comparison of Km and Vmax values of NahV and NahF demonstrated that NahF has a more efficient catalytic reaction than NahV, while NahV has much higher affinity for salicylaldehyde and NAD^+. Both enzymes exhibited broad substrate specificities and catalyzed the oxidation of salicylaldehyde, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, formaldehyde, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-methoxybenxaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, caprylic aldehyde, and glyoxal. However, the relative rates at which the substituted analogs are transformed differ considerably. NahV activity could be enhanced by Fe^2+, Cu^2+ and Zn^2+; whereas NahF activity could only be stimulated by Fe^2+, NahF is more stable than NahV at elevated temperatures. Dot-blot hybridization analyses showed that nahF-like genes occurred in all naphthalene-degradation bacteria isolated in this study, whereas nahV-like genes were present in only some naphthalene-degrading bacteria. 相似文献
309.
针对网络流量协议标注比较困难的问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的半监督学习模型,以提高Inter-net协议的识别精度.该模型首先使用少量的标注样本训练贝叶斯网络分类模型,并对未标注样本进行初始分类,然后从未标注样本中挑选分类损失最小的样本加入到训练集中并重复训练分类模型,经过多次循环训练出最终的分类器.该模型可以使用未标注样本和标注样本共同训练分类模型,非常适合于标注比较困难的Internet应用协议的识别.实验结果表明:在标注样本较少的情况下,该模型的识别精度和稳定性均优于朴素贝叶斯模型和贝叶斯网络模型,对于提高Internet协议的识别精度是有效的. 相似文献
310.
新课程背景下教师综合素质能力调查研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
课程改革中,教师的素质与能力能否适应新课程的要求,教师需要哪些方面的学习与研究,才能适合新课程。课题组针对西安市部分中学教师的调研,发现教育教学中还存在着问题,并对教师综合素质与能力的提高做了一些探究。 相似文献