关于fault与failure,MTBF与MTTF的译名

本文阐述了fault与failure,以及MTBF与MTTF的确切含义.建议分别译为故障、失效,平均失效间隔时间和失效前平均时间.     

基于参数化建模方法的复合式盾构机刀盘力学性能分析与结构优化

刀盘是盾构机的核心部件之一,合理的刀盘结构设计是安全高效掘进的基础。为了快速高效建立刀盘有限元模型并分析其力学性能,采用基于APDL（ANSYS parametric design language）命令流开发的参数化建模方法,建立了某型号复合式盾构机刀盘的数字模型。对刀盘施加极限工况下的推力和扭矩,通过静力学分析得到了刀盘的应力分布和变形分布,确定了最大应力和最大变形位置,校核了刀盘的静强度和静刚度。进一步以刀盘总质量为优化目标,以刀盘强度和刚度为约束条件建立了基于参数化建模的刀盘结构优化方法,提出了刀盘结构优化流程。通过参数敏感性分析确定了刀盘优化参数,探究相关参数对刀盘强度和刚度的影响。对复合式盾构机刀盘的关键参数进行优化。结果表明：优化后刀盘的最大应力降低了12%,最大变形降低了20%,质量减轻了119 kg。因此,基于参数化建模的优化方法可以提供刀盘的强度与刚度,并同时降低刀盘质量。研究成果可为后续多目标刀盘结构优化提供参考。     

基于三维魔方模型的大运河沿线县域“三生”空间划定方法

三维魔方模型是研判空间要素多功能优势度分区的量化方法,能够直观表征空间功能的最优组合模式,为精准识别大运河沿线县域国土空间功能提供关键技术支撑。本文以“生态—生活—生产”三生空间功能为切入点,建立大运河沿线县域三生功能适宜性评价体系;基于三维魔方模型提出三生空间范围划定规则;以大运河流域青县段为研究对象,划定三生空间范围并提出优化建议。结果表明：基于三维魔方模型建立的单项功能适宜性和多项功能适宜性组合的三生空间划定规则,划定了大运河流域青县的生态、生产、生活空间范围,占比分别为60.46%、33.52%、6.02%。其中生态空间主要分布在大运河两侧,包括550.58 km2的生态功能高适宜和最高适宜空间,是大运河流域良好的生态本底;48.23 km2生活、生产功能中适宜、低适宜和不适宜空间,是大运河流域未来生态修复的重点区域。该研究成果丰富了“三生”空间范围划定的方法与技术手段,为大运河流域国土空间治理和综合利用提供理论基础。     

多重运输调度问题的模拟退火算法

提出了多重运输调度问题的模拟退火算法,实际运算表明,该算法具有较快的收敛速度,是一个较实用的算法。     

Higher-order principal component pursuit via tensor approximation and convex optimization

Recovering the low-rank structure of data matrix from sparse errors arises in the principal component pursuit （PCP）. This paper exploits the higher-order generalization of matrix recovery, named higher-order principal component pursuit （HOPCP）, since it is critical in multi-way data analysis. Unlike the convexification （nuclear norm） for matrix rank function, the tensorial nuclear norm is stil an open problem. While existing preliminary works on the tensor completion field provide a viable way to indicate the low complexity estimate of tensor, therefore, the paper focuses on the low multi-linear rank tensor and adopt its convex relaxation to formulate the convex optimization model of HOPCP. The paper further propose two algorithms for HOPCP based on alternative minimization scheme： the augmented Lagrangian alternating direction method （ALADM） and its truncated higher-order singular value decomposition （ALADM-THOSVD） version. The former can obtain a high accuracy solution while the latter is more efficient to handle the computationally intractable problems. Experimental results on both synthetic data and real magnetic resonance imaging data show the applicability of our algorithms in high-dimensional tensor data processing.     

Universal construction of control Lyapunov functions for a class of nonlinear systems

A method is developed by which control Lyapunov functions of a class of nonlinear systems can be constructed systematically.Based on the control Lyapunov function,a feedback control is obtained to stabilize the closed-loop system.In addition,this method is applied to stabilize the Benchmark system.A simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.     

通过空间相似度设置阈值的Douglas-Peucker算法

线状地物的化简是地图综合的重要组成部分,Douglas-Peucker算法作为一种经典的化简线状地物的算法,化简时需要进行多次实验才能选取到合适的阈值,得到最终化简结果。为了避免选取阈值繁琐的过程,通过计算不同阈值下化简前后线状地物间的空间相似度,并将绝对阈值转换为相对阈值,利用曲线拟合的方法得到相对阈值和空间相似度之间的关系。基于两者之间的关系,在使用Douglas-Peucker算法化简线状地物时,即可通过空间相似度来选取合适的化简阈值,提高了化简的效率。     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

Control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication

The transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) to the erect growth of Oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. This evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. Here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from Yuanjiang County in China is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, PROG1 (PROSTRATE GROWTH 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single Cys(2)-His(2) zinc-finger protein. prog1 variants identified in O. sativa disrupt the prog1 function and inactivate prog1 expression, leading to erect growth, greater grain number and higher grain yield in cultivated rice. Sequence comparison shows that 182 varieties of cultivated rice, including 87 indica and 95 japonica cultivars from 17 countries, carry identical mutations in the prog1 coding region that may have become fixed during rice domestication.     

磁流体-泡沫金属减振器磁路优化设计

利用ANSYS软件对磁流体-泡沫金属减振器的磁路进行数值模拟研究,对影响其性能的磁路级数及相邻两级线圈中电流流向的异同进行了分析.研究结果表明,相同条件下采用多级磁路较单级磁路具有较多的优点,并且多级磁路中相邻激励线圈绕向相反能够更好的改善磁路性能.本研究为磁流体-泡沫金属减振器的设计提供依据.