基于三维魔方模型的大运河沿线县域“三生”空间划定方法

三维魔方模型是研判空间要素多功能优势度分区的量化方法,能够直观表征空间功能的最优组合模式,为精准识别大运河沿线县域国土空间功能提供关键技术支撑。本文以“生态—生活—生产”三生空间功能为切入点,建立大运河沿线县域三生功能适宜性评价体系;基于三维魔方模型提出三生空间范围划定规则;以大运河流域青县段为研究对象,划定三生空间范围并提出优化建议。结果表明：基于三维魔方模型建立的单项功能适宜性和多项功能适宜性组合的三生空间划定规则,划定了大运河流域青县的生态、生产、生活空间范围,占比分别为60.46%、33.52%、6.02%。其中生态空间主要分布在大运河两侧,包括550.58 km2的生态功能高适宜和最高适宜空间,是大运河流域良好的生态本底;48.23 km2生活、生产功能中适宜、低适宜和不适宜空间,是大运河流域未来生态修复的重点区域。该研究成果丰富了“三生”空间范围划定的方法与技术手段,为大运河流域国土空间治理和综合利用提供理论基础。     

多重运输调度问题的模拟退火算法

提出了多重运输调度问题的模拟退火算法,实际运算表明,该算法具有较快的收敛速度,是一个较实用的算法。     

Higher-order principal component pursuit via tensor approximation and convex optimization

Recovering the low-rank structure of data matrix from sparse errors arises in the principal component pursuit （PCP）. This paper exploits the higher-order generalization of matrix recovery, named higher-order principal component pursuit （HOPCP）, since it is critical in multi-way data analysis. Unlike the convexification （nuclear norm） for matrix rank function, the tensorial nuclear norm is stil an open problem. While existing preliminary works on the tensor completion field provide a viable way to indicate the low complexity estimate of tensor, therefore, the paper focuses on the low multi-linear rank tensor and adopt its convex relaxation to formulate the convex optimization model of HOPCP. The paper further propose two algorithms for HOPCP based on alternative minimization scheme： the augmented Lagrangian alternating direction method （ALADM） and its truncated higher-order singular value decomposition （ALADM-THOSVD） version. The former can obtain a high accuracy solution while the latter is more efficient to handle the computationally intractable problems. Experimental results on both synthetic data and real magnetic resonance imaging data show the applicability of our algorithms in high-dimensional tensor data processing.     

Universal construction of control Lyapunov functions for a class of nonlinear systems

A method is developed by which control Lyapunov functions of a class of nonlinear systems can be constructed systematically.Based on the control Lyapunov function,a feedback control is obtained to stabilize the closed-loop system.In addition,this method is applied to stabilize the Benchmark system.A simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.     

通过空间相似度设置阈值的Douglas-Peucker算法

线状地物的化简是地图综合的重要组成部分,Douglas-Peucker算法作为一种经典的化简线状地物的算法,化简时需要进行多次实验才能选取到合适的阈值,得到最终化简结果。为了避免选取阈值繁琐的过程,通过计算不同阈值下化简前后线状地物间的空间相似度,并将绝对阈值转换为相对阈值,利用曲线拟合的方法得到相对阈值和空间相似度之间的关系。基于两者之间的关系,在使用Douglas-Peucker算法化简线状地物时,即可通过空间相似度来选取合适的化简阈值,提高了化简的效率。     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

Control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication

The transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) to the erect growth of Oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. This evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. Here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from Yuanjiang County in China is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, PROG1 (PROSTRATE GROWTH 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single Cys(2)-His(2) zinc-finger protein. prog1 variants identified in O. sativa disrupt the prog1 function and inactivate prog1 expression, leading to erect growth, greater grain number and higher grain yield in cultivated rice. Sequence comparison shows that 182 varieties of cultivated rice, including 87 indica and 95 japonica cultivars from 17 countries, carry identical mutations in the prog1 coding region that may have become fixed during rice domestication.     

改进的多方向融合图像插值算法

为了解决数字图像插值过程中出现的边缘模糊和锯齿现象,提出一种改进的多方向融合图像插值算法.该算法将图像分为平坦区域和边缘区域,平坦区域采用双线性插值算法进行插值,边缘区域采用多方向融合算法进行插值.实验结果表明,该算法运算复杂度小,其结果在主观视觉效果和客观指标方面都有很大的改善,且适用于任意倍数的插值放大.     

A genetic interaction network of five genes for human polycystic kidney and liver diseases defines polycystin-1 as the central determinant of cyst formation

Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease results from mutations in PRKCSH or SEC63. The respective gene products, glucosidase IIβ and SEC63p, function in protein translocation and quality control pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that glucosidase IIβ and Sec63p are required in mice for adequate expression of a functional complex of the polycystic kidney disease gene products, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. We find that polycystin-1 is the rate-limiting component of this complex and that there is a dose-response relationship between cystic dilation and levels of functional polycystin-1 following mutation of Prkcsh or Sec63. Reduced expression of polycystin-1 also serves to sensitize the kidney to cyst formation resulting from mutations in Pkhd1, the recessive polycystic kidney disease gene. Finally, we show that proteasome inhibition increases steady-state levels of polycystin-1 in cells lacking glucosidase IIβ and that treatment with a proteasome inhibitor reduces cystic disease in orthologous gene models of human autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease.     

COVERING TWO DIGRAPHS WITH ARBORESCENCES

Let G_1 and G_2 be finite digraphs,both with vertex set V.Suppose that each vertexv of V has nonnegative integers f(v) and g(v) with f(v)≤g(v),and each arc e of G_4 hasnonnegative integers a_i(e) and b_i(e) with a_i(e)≤b_i(e),i=1,2.In this paper we give anecessary and sufficient condition for the existence of k arborescences in G_4 covering each are(?) of G_i at least a_i(e) and at most b_i(e) times,i=1,2,and satisfying the condition that foreach v in Vf(v)≤r_1(v)=r_2(v)≤g(v)where r_4(v) denote the number of the arborescences in G_(?) rooted at v.