范德蒙行列式的推广

在范德蒙行列式的基础上,给出了跳行范德蒙行列式以及合流范德蒙行列式的计算方法。     

葡萄夏季管理技术要点

介绍了夏季葡萄管理技术,主要是整形修剪：包括抹芽、绑梢和去卷须、新梢摘心和副梢处理、花序、果穗整形,肥水管理,主要是根外追肥,还要做好水份管理和病虫害防治。     

团泊水库水环境状况调查及生态修复措施探讨

为开展水库健康养殖,2007年5—11月对团泊水库的理化指标和水生生物学指标进行了调查.结果表明:水体中无机氮浓度的变化范围在2.04～4.45mg.L-1之间,磷酸盐浓度的变化范围在0.014～0.220mg.L-1之间,有机物耗氧量在8.3～27.5mg.L-1之间,透明度的变化在22～50cm之间.浮游植物以适宜在富营养水体中生长的种类为主,共检出浮游植物优势种类11种(属),主要由在蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门的种类组成.浮游植物生物量的变化在26.61～85.79mg.L-1之间,春夏两季的生物量高于秋季.细菌数量变化在2.68×107～4.36×10 8CFU.L-1之间,夏季最高,春季最低.依据不同营养类型湖泊主要指标评价,团泊水库水体已进入富营养状态.本研究分析了团泊水库发生富营养化的原因,讨论了水库富营养化的危害,提出了水环境生态修复措施.     

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸的合成

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸(7-AVCA)是合成头孢地尼和头孢克肟的重要中间体。以7-苯乙酰氨基-3-氯甲基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧基苄酯(GCLE)为起始原料,经Wittig反应,酶解得到7-AVCA。实验结果表明:当n(NaI)∶n(NaBr)=1∶3时,可大大降低生产成本,且不影响产品收率;当V(CH2Cl2)∶V(CH3OH)=1∶4时,7-苯乙酰氨基-3-乙烯基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧苄酯(GVNE)的收率为93%,纯度为98.5%;在高效液相色谱的质量分数w(HPLC)0.2%时,产品的收率为85%(以7-苯乙酰氨基-3-氯甲基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧基苄酯(GCLE)记的产品),纯度为99.8%。该合成路线步骤简单、条件温和,对环境污染小。     

合建式一体化氧化沟生物除磷研究

本文根据四川某合建式一体化氧化沟工艺特点和运行情况,针对合建式一体化氧化沟生物除磷的特点,分析其除磷的优势和存在的不足,提出改善措施和建议。     

基于指标重要度及代价的系统评价后续决策

当系统某次评价不达标,选取怎样的方案使系统整改后达标便是评价后续决策问题。首先类比事故树基本事件重要度,建立能综合反映指标重要度的模型及改善代价的模型;之后对最大重要度所对应指标得分进行固定步长、渐升步长以及渐降步长等3种形式的增值,再求新的系统评价得分,直到系统评价满足阈值,并确定3种迭代模型的取舍策略;最后分析迭代过程及结果,建立指标改变先后度模型,确定指标改变的轻重缓急次序。文中以模糊综合评价方法为对象分析,实例验证切实可行,并可推广应用于灰色评价、可拓学评价以及集对分析等常规评价方法。     

Head swivel on the ribosome facilitates translocation by means of intra-subunit tRNA hybrid sites

The elongation cycle of protein synthesis involves the delivery of aminoacyl-transfer RNAs to the aminoacyl-tRNA-binding site (A?site) of the ribosome, followed by peptide-bond formation and translocation of the tRNAs through the ribosome to reopen the A?site. The translocation reaction is catalysed by elongation factor G (EF-G) in a GTP-dependent manner. Despite the availability of structures of various EF-G-ribosome complexes, the precise mechanism by which tRNAs move through the ribosome still remains unclear. Here we use multiparticle cryoelectron microscopy analysis to resolve two previously unseen subpopulations within Thermus thermophilus EF-G-ribosome complexes at subnanometre resolution, one of them with a partly translocated tRNA. Comparison of these substates reveals that translocation of tRNA on the 30S subunit parallels the swivelling of the 30S head and is coupled to unratcheting of the 30S body. Because the tRNA maintains contact with the peptidyl-tRNA-binding site (P?site) on the 30S head and simultaneously establishes interaction with the exit site (E?site) on the 30S platform, a novel intra-subunit 'pe/E' hybrid state is formed. This state is stabilized by domain?IV of EF-G, which interacts with the swivelled 30S-head conformation. These findings provide direct structural and mechanistic insight into the 'missing link' in terms of tRNA intermediates involved in the universally conserved translocation process.     

Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence

On the basis of projected losses of their essential sea-ice habitats, a United States Geological Survey research team concluded in 2007 that two-thirds of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) could disappear by mid-century if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue. That projection, however, did not consider the possible benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation. A key question is whether temperature increases lead to proportional losses of sea-ice habitat, or whether sea-ice cover crosses a tipping point and irreversibly collapses when temperature reaches a critical threshold. Such a tipping point would mean future greenhouse gas mitigation would confer no conservation benefits to polar bears. Here we show, using a general circulation model, that substantially more sea-ice habitat would be retained if greenhouse gas rise is mitigated. We also show, with Bayesian network model outcomes, that increased habitat retention under greenhouse gas mitigation means that polar bears could persist throughout the century in greater numbers and more areas than in the business-as-usual case. Our general circulation model outcomes did not reveal thresholds leading to irreversible loss of ice; instead, a linear relationship between global mean surface air temperature and sea-ice habitat substantiated the hypothesis that sea-ice thermodynamics can overcome albedo feedbacks proposed to cause sea-ice tipping points. Our outcomes indicate that rapid summer ice losses in models and observations represent increased volatility of a thinning sea-ice cover, rather than tipping-point behaviour. Mitigation-driven Bayesian network outcomes show that previously predicted declines in polar bear distribution and numbers are not unavoidable. Because polar bears are sentinels of the Arctic marine ecosystem and trends in their sea-ice habitats foreshadow future global changes, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to improve polar bear status would have conservation benefits throughout and beyond the Arctic.     

干旱胁迫对苹果树生长、光合特性及果实品质的影响

阐明极端干旱区成龄苹果树干旱胁迫后的生理响应可以为其科学灌溉提供理论依据.?以塔里木盆地周边绿洲的成龄苹果树为研究对象,在蒸发量最大的6—8月(果实膨大期)开展干旱胁迫试验,设置干旱处理(T1,灌溉1次、灌溉量1500?m3/(hm2·次)),对照(CK,灌溉2次、灌溉量1500?m3/(hm2·次)),分析4种枝条(...     

长短叶片开缝技术在离心风机设计中的应用

为高性能新型风机设计进行了应用技术研究,提出在离心风机叶轮设计中采用长短叶片开缝的新技术。这种技术综合了长短叶片和边界层吹气两种技术的优点,能有效改善流动。应用３维不可压Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程及ｋ－ε湍流模式的计算程序对叶轮长短叶片开缝技术的有关参数进行了数值优化,并选取了１６叶片的长短开缝叶片叶轮进行样机试制及现场测试。结果表明：长短叶片开缝叶轮与不开缝叶轮相比,全压提高,噪声下降,风机的性能曲线改善。本文的结果说明长短叶片开缝技术在离心风机的设计中有很好的应用前景,并已有生产厂家决定批量投产。