Evaluating the reliability of microsatellite genotyping from low-quality DNA templates with a polynomial distribution model

Molecular studies using trace DNA, such as from museum specimens, ancient or forensic samples and samples obtained noninvasively, often have a common problem of low quality of DNA templates. Amplification errors, such as allelic dropout and false allele, may arise during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using such samples. A mathematical model which treats homozygotes and heterozygotes discriminately has been developed to measure sample quality and compute the confidence level of using multipletube approaches. We use plucked hair samples collected from 26 individual Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxel- lana) to test the model. In this case, a confidence level of 99% can be achieved by three positive PCRs. If the sample quality is very poor and requires many PCR replicates, an alternative multiplestep genotyping method is recommended. This model enables researchers to optimize experimental protocols through pilot studies and obtain reliable genetic information using noninvasive sampling method.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

Sufficient and necessary conditions of separability for bipartite pure states in infinite-dimensional systems

The PHC criterion and the realignment criterion for pure states in infinite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems are given. Furthermore, several equivalent conditions for pure states to be separable are generalized to infinite-dimensional systems.     

噻吩二胺基三嗪衍生物的合成及其与全氟链苯甲酸形成的复合物的液晶行为研究

 以Kumada偶联反应为关键步骤首次合成了未见文献报道的2,4-二胺基-6-(4,5-二癸基噻吩)-1,3,5-三嗪 (T),并制备了在多重氢键作用下T与全氟链苯甲酸(A)形成的超分子液晶复合物.红外光谱(IR)与偏光显微镜(POM)研究表明T与A形成的等摩尔复合物可呈现液晶柱相,其原因可能是T与A通过氢键形成的二聚超分子的中心极性区域由于氢键的存在其极性得到加强,以及全氟链的引入提高了分子内的极性对比,利于微观相分离及分子进行有序自组装.     

含负折射率光子晶体缺陷模的吸收特性

 为了研究含负折射率光子晶体缺陷模的吸收特性,引入复折射率的概念,并采用光学特征矩阵方法,分析了各缺陷模的峰值和带宽随消光系数以及杂质厚度的变化.分析结果表明:杂质的消光系数对各缺陷模的中心波长没有影响,随着消光系数的增加,各缺陷模峰值逐渐减小,而带宽逐渐增加,且各缺陷模峰值和带宽的增减速度不同;当消光系数不变,随着杂质层光学厚度的增加,缺陷模的峰值和带宽都随之减小.因此在设计相关光学器件时,应充分考虑杂质吸收对缺陷模特性的影响.     

d4T-5’-氢亚磷酸酯的合成及其体外代谢研究

抗艾滋病药物d4T的毒性高,且不断出现耐药性现象,所以通过设计d4T的前药来解决这些问题成为近年来研究的热点.合成及表征了5个d4T-5’-氢亚磷酸酯类化合物,并进行了体外代谢研究.油水分配实验结果表明,相对于原药本身,前药表现出更好的亲脂性,有利于提高药物的透膜性和穿过血脑屏障的能力;d4T-5’-氢亚磷酸酯类化合物在pH 5.5的缓冲溶液中的稳定性最好,有较高的活性.体外酯酶水解、血浆代谢和活性实验表明,d4T-5’-氢亚磷酸异丙酯降解速度最慢,能较慢地释放出d4T.由此可见,d4T-5’-氢亚磷酸酯系列前药,有作为临床抗艾滋病治疗剂的可能.     

应用Hermit插值方法修正Dome-A自动气象站记录的雪层温度

随着冰盖表面雪的积累或消融,自动气象站(AWS)上所携带的传感器相对于地表的高度/深度不断变化,给观测数据带来误差.本文利用分段三次Hermit插值的方法对Dome A地区的AWS历史雪层温度数据进行修正.结果表明,雪层的修正量随着雪的积累率的增加而增大,在夏半年为正,在冬半年为负.该方法对于浅层雪温的修正有较好的效果.     

TiAlN薄膜的磁过滤脉冲真空弧等离子反应沉积制备的研究

采用磁过滤脉冲真空弧等离子反应沉积技术,在室温、钛合金和Si(100)单晶表面制备了TiAlN薄膜.利用SEM、XRD、EDS和XPS等对薄膜的微观组织结构及化学组分进行了观察测试分析,探讨了磁过滤脉冲真空弧等离子反应沉积技术的工艺参数对TiAlN薄膜结构的影响.     

溅射金膜对氧化铝陶瓷纳秒脉冲真空沿面闪络的影响

研究了溅射金膜对氧化铝陶瓷在真空环境中、纳秒脉冲高电压作用下沿面闪络特性的影响规律.通过对氧化铝陶瓷表面粗糙度、电极接触形式的研究,并结合表面态陷阱、界面能带结构、电荷注入过程的分析,探究了影响氧化铝陶瓷溅射金膜后沿面闪络电压的主要原因.在50 ns/1.2μs脉冲下、电极间距10 mm时,测量各试样的闪络电压60次,取后30次平均值作为稳定的闪络电压.研究结果发现,氧化铝陶瓷在溅射金膜电极试样的闪络电压比直接压接电极试样的闪络电压低,这是因为在不同电极接触方式下,氧化铝陶瓷材料的表面态对真空中的电子发射和材料表层的电荷注入的影响不同所致.     

多层次降尺度方法对安徽省月降水量预测的研究

 利用1961～2004年多层次的NCEP环流资料初选出与台站月降水量的显著相关区,通过最优子集回归模型对各初选因子进行筛选和组合,形成了安徽省35个台站的月降水量回归模型,并分别利用NCEP资料和月动力延伸模式环流预报作为输入场对2005～2009年安徽省月降水量进行了回报.结果表明,该降尺度模型包含高低层的多种资料,各因子组合起来可以从统计上反映出一些影响降水的环流配置型,较传统的仅用500hPa资料的降尺度模型内容更为丰富.从回报的效果来看,预测值与实况值平均距平符号一致率为63%,PS评分为75分,其中对涝月的预测效果要好于旱月.