全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25875篇 |
免费 | 379篇 |
国内免费 | 526篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 498篇 |
丛书文集 | 534篇 |
教育与普及 | 259篇 |
理论与方法论 | 106篇 |
现状及发展 | 7443篇 |
研究方法 | 930篇 |
综合类 | 16743篇 |
自然研究 | 267篇 |
出版年
2015年 | 290篇 |
2014年 | 380篇 |
2013年 | 461篇 |
2012年 | 641篇 |
2011年 | 943篇 |
2010年 | 465篇 |
2009年 | 507篇 |
2008年 | 790篇 |
2007年 | 826篇 |
2006年 | 740篇 |
2005年 | 715篇 |
2004年 | 637篇 |
2003年 | 634篇 |
2002年 | 688篇 |
2001年 | 978篇 |
2000年 | 865篇 |
1999年 | 759篇 |
1998年 | 356篇 |
1997年 | 363篇 |
1996年 | 343篇 |
1995年 | 257篇 |
1994年 | 268篇 |
1993年 | 267篇 |
1992年 | 485篇 |
1991年 | 417篇 |
1990年 | 417篇 |
1989年 | 371篇 |
1988年 | 330篇 |
1987年 | 332篇 |
1986年 | 325篇 |
1985年 | 336篇 |
1984年 | 285篇 |
1983年 | 222篇 |
1980年 | 250篇 |
1979年 | 567篇 |
1978年 | 432篇 |
1977年 | 425篇 |
1976年 | 314篇 |
1975年 | 349篇 |
1974年 | 516篇 |
1973年 | 440篇 |
1972年 | 428篇 |
1971年 | 520篇 |
1970年 | 688篇 |
1969年 | 484篇 |
1968年 | 399篇 |
1967年 | 487篇 |
1966年 | 398篇 |
1965年 | 282篇 |
1958年 | 268篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
101.
J A Martignetti A A Aqeel W A Sewairi C E Boumah M Kambouris S A Mayouf K V Sheth W A Eid O Dowling J Harris M J Glucksman S Bahabri B F Meyer R J Desnick 《Nature genetics》2001,28(3):261-265
The inherited osteolyses or 'vanishing bone' syndromes are a group of rare disorders of unknown etiology characterized by destruction and resorption of affected bones. The multicentric osteolyses are notable for interphalangeal joint erosions that mimic severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (OMIMs 166300, 259600, 259610 and 277950). We recently described an autosomal recessive form of multicentric osteolysis with carpal and tarsal resorption, crippling arthritic changes, marked osteoporosis, palmar and plantar subcutaneous nodules and distinctive facies in a number of consanguineous Saudi Arabian families. We localized the disease gene to 16q12-21 by using members of these families for a genome-wide search for homozygous-by-descent microsatellite markers. Haplotype analysis narrowed the critical region to a 1.2-cM region that spans the gene encoding MMP-2 (gelatinase A, collagenase type IV; (ref. 3). We detected no MMP2 enzymatic activity in the serum or fibroblasts of affected family members. We identified two family-specific homoallelic MMP2 mutations: R101H and Y244X. The nonsense mutation effects a deletion of the substrate-binding and catalytic sites and the fibronectin type II-like and hemopexin/TIMP2 binding domains. Based on molecular modeling, the missense mutation disrupts hydrogen bond formation within the highly conserved prodomain adjacent to the catalytic zinc ion. 相似文献
102.
我国林科类高等教育发展重心的思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文说明了林业高等教育由学术型向应用型转变的重要性,探讨正确把握人才培养类型、培养模式、优化课程体系、改进教学方法等问题。 相似文献
103.
The period economic fluctuation is vital for an enterprise to exist and further develop,it directly affect the enterprise financial health.So,it is significant to build up financial early-warning index and measure the warning condition that the enterprise faces and take the effective measures to eliminate. We criticize Altman's Z calculating model and build up some new indexes for enterprise financial early-warning condition measuring and making sound decision. 相似文献
104.
不同分散剂对纳米羟基磷灰石粒子团聚的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解决纳米羟基磷灰石团聚的问题,在纳米羟基磷灰石制备过程中,加入适量的乙醇、铈盐和聚乙二醇作为表面分散荆,研究其分散作用。试验结果表明:乙醇具有脱水作用,减少毛细管收缩作用,具有一定的分散作用,且不改变HA六方晶体形貌;铈盐的加入,使六方晶体结构进一步分化,粒子尺寸变小,有细化纳米HA晶粒的作用及分散作用,同时,在分散过程中,参与反应,形成Ce5(PO4)3(OH);聚乙二醇对纳米羟基磷灰石形貌影响不大,但在表面形成簿膜,隔阻纳米粒子间的接触,具有减少硬团聚的作用。 相似文献
105.
陶程 《西安联合大学学报》2005,8(2):51-54
刑法溯及力在我国古代法律文献中多有记载,随着历代刑事政策以及立法指导思想的变化,历史上各朝代对刑法溯及力规定各有不同。唐朝刑律立法成熟,确立了现代意义上的“从旧兼从轻”原则,从法律制度史角度来看,当是现代刑法溯及力制度的渊源。 相似文献
106.
C. Gianoulakis 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1989,45(5):428-435
Summary Alcoholism and alcohol abuse are serious health problems. Alcohol is known to influence the activity of a number of biological systems, for example the hormonal and neuronal systems. One of the biological systems whose activity is greatly influenced by alcohol is the endogenous opiate system. Alcohol modifies the function of both opiate receptors and opioid peptides. In fact it has been proposed that many of the effects of ethanol are mediated by its effects on the endogenous opiate system. This review will present results from various laboratories on the effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatments on various species, and on the release, biosynthesis and post-translational processing of the endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins, the three known families of endogenous opioid peptides. Furthermore, the effect of acute and chronic ethanol consumption on the -endorphin system in man, and the possible implications of the functional activity of the endogenous opiate system for the genetic predisposition to alcoholism will be discussed. 相似文献
107.
本文以“基本方向”确定空间机构中各构件的位置,并基于“基本方向”之间的关系以及机构的环路封闭条件,建立了机构位置分析的数学模型。将优化技术和求解非线性方程组迭代技术结合起来,提高了解决问题的可靠性及效率。 相似文献
108.
John C. Oliga 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》1988,1(1):87-112
In social systems science generally, and in management science particularly, recent developments in the variety of types of specific problem-solving methodologies (under the rubric of hard and soft systems approaches) have given an impetus to a line of inquiry, as well as debate on the nature of those methodologies. On the one hand, there has been the view that what we are witnessing is a form of Kuhnian crisis. On the other hand, a complementarist view of developments has been argued and a contingency approach proposed. But one thing has been common among the competing views: a belief that the prospects for further advances in the design and application of those methodologies, and in resolving the current controversies, lie in serious attempts to reconsider and clarify the underlying metatheoretical assumptions and concerns. This paper is an attempt to contribute to such an endeavor. A brief exposition of three methodological foundations (namely, empiricism, hermeneutics, and critique) is made, not only with the purpose of highlighting the nature as well as the limits of their epistemological and ethical claims, but also as a basis for illuminating both the nature of contemporary work on systems inquiry, design, and problem solving and the ongoing debate on what constitutes appropriate criteria for choice of specific methodologies. 相似文献
109.
G. C. Hewitt 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1988,44(4):297-303
Summary Public suspicion of science stems from science's challenging of perceptions and myths about reality, and a public fear of new technology. The result is a susceptibility to pseudoscience. In claiming that creation science is as valid as evolution the creationists misquote scientists and seek to spread their own scientific myths concerning a young age for the earth, an act of creation based on a particular literalist interpretation of the Christian Bible and a single worldwide flood. They use methods of debate and politics, rather than scientific research. A selection of their arguments is examined and the nature of the evidence for evolution is discussed. Problems with the creation science model are noted. In the myth of the hundredth monkey phenomenon, original research is misquoted to denigrate scientific research and support sentimental ideas of paranormal events. The misuse of science is seen as damaging to society because it reduces the effective gathering and application of scientific information. However, pseudoscience provides a valuable guide to gaps in public scientific education. 相似文献
110.
B. Lindblad W. E. Burkel T. W. Wakefield L. M. Graham J. C. Stanley 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1988,44(3):223-224
Summary The most important effect of dihydroergotamine is venoconstriction, but certain metabolic effects and changes in vessel prostanoid activity have also been suggested. In this study endothelial cell production of 6-keto PGF1 and TxB2 was quantitated in vitro. No evidence of altered prostanoid production was noted after incubation with dihydroergotamine (exposure ranging from 5×10–3 to 5×10–7 g/l). Similarly, no effect of dihydroergotamine on the growth rates of endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells in vitro was documented. 相似文献