广西蝗虫三新种记述

1990年5、10月作者,在广西大明山和北部湾海岛等地进行昆虫区系生态地理分布调查,采到直翅目蝗总科三个新种。分别隶属Gonista Bolivar、Tristria Stal及Tonkinacris Carl三个属。现记述如下。模式标本保存于广西科学院生物研究所标本室。     

氯化钠+蔗糖+水三元系的热力学研究

本文用电动势法测定了298. 15K NaCl 从纯水到5,10,15,20,25,30Wt%蔗糖+水混合物的标准转移自由能和转移活度系数,并结合标准转移焓的文献值得到了其标准转移熵.所得实验规律为:△G_t~θ>0,△H_~θ<0,△S_t~θ<0,且近似与混合溶剂中蔗糖的摩尔分数或混合溶剂介电常数的倒数呈线性关系.这些结果被用来分析 NaCl 在蔗糖水溶液中的溶剂化作用和蔗糖水溶液的结构状况.     

云南鳞毛蕨属边果鳞毛蕨组的分类研究

本文记载云南产鳞毛蕨属边果鳞毛蕨组6种植物。文中列有检索表及每种的文献引证、标本引证和地理分布。     

超声传播时间,幅度及混凝土缺陷检测

本文介绍了一种测量超声波传播时间及幅度的计算机程序。该程序是通过检测接收波的首波起点,实现声时和首波幅度的快速、准确测量。由测试结果,基本能够判断混凝土内部的缺陷。应用该程序在PC—AT机上对混凝土试块上16个测试点声时、首波幅度进行计算,并求出它们的最大值、最小值和平均值,总共花时几秒种。     

小城镇生态环境规划研究：以芜湖县六个镇调查为例

本文通过实地调查,分析小城镇建设中存在的生态环境问题;提出小城镇生态环境规划的目的、原则和内容;建议采用水、大气环境质量等八项指标来综合评价一个小城镇的生态环境质量。     

On the complexity of self.

Self peptides bound to self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules have been implicated both in positive and in negative selection of T cells during intrathymic development. We report here that the novel MHC-restricted monoclonal antibody Y-Ae detects the MHC class II bound form of a major self peptide. Y-Ae binds approximately 12% of the relevant MHC class II molecules on self antigen presenting cells. The peptide detected by Y-Ae is one of several major peptides eluted from the MHC molecule. These data suggest that self peptides presented by self MHC class II molecules at densities sufficient to signal a CD4 T cell are of very limited complexity. Furthermore, as Y-Ae stains antigen presenting cells that mediate negative selection but not thymic cortical epithelial cells that drive positive selection, differential expression of self peptide:self MHC class II complexes may be a key feature of intrathymic selection.     

Effects of the steel gene product on mouse primordial germ cells in culture.

Mutations at the steel (sl) and dominant white spotting (W) loci in the mouse affect primordial germ cells (PGC), melanoblasts and haemopoietic stem cells. The W gene encodes a cell-surface receptor of the tyrosine kinase family, the proto-oncogene c-kit. In situ analysis has shown c-kit messenger RNA expression in PGC in the early genital ridges. The Sl gene encodes the ligand for this receptor, a peptide growth factor, called here stem cell factor (SCF). SCF mRNA is expressed in many regions of the early mouse embryo, including the areas of migration of these cell types. It is important now to identify the role of the Sl-W interaction in the development of these migratory embryonic stem cell populations. Using an in vitro assay system, we show that SCF increases both the overall numbers and colony sizes of migratory PGC isolated from wild-type mouse embryos, and cultured on irradiated feeder layers of STO cells (a mouse embryonic fibroblast line). In the absence of feeder cells, SCF causes a large increase in the initial survival and apparent motility of PGC in culture. But labelling with bromodeoxyuridine shows that SCF is not, by itself, a mitogen for PGC. SCF does not exert a chemotropic effect on PGC in in vitro assays. These results suggest that SCF in vivo is an essential requirement for PGC survival. This demonstrates the control of the early germ-line population by a specific trophic factor.     

Mutations in the channel domain alter desensitization of a neuronal nicotinic receptor.

A variety of ligand-gated ion channels undergo a fast activation process after the rapid application of agonist and also a slower transition towards desensitized or inactivated closed channel states when exposure to agonist is prolonged. Desensitization involves at least two distinct closed states in the acetylcholine receptor, each with an affinity for agonists higher than those of the resting or active conformations. Here we investigate how structural elements could be involved in the desensitization of the acetylcholine-gated ion channel from the chick brain alpha-bungarotoxin sensitive homo-oligomeric alpha 7 receptor, using site-directed mutagenesis and expression in Xenopus oocytes. Mutations of the highly conserved leucine 247 residue from the uncharged MII segment of alpha 7 suppress inhibition by the open-channel blocker QX-222, indicating that this residue, like others from MII, faces the lumen of the channel. But, unexpectedly, the same mutations decrease the rate of desensitization of the response, increase the apparent affinity for acetylcholine and abolish current rectification. Moreover, unlike wild-type alpha 7, which has channels with a single conductance level, the leucine-to-threonine mutant has an additional conducting state active at low acetylcholine concentrations. It is possible that mutation of Leu 247 renders conductive one of the high-affinity desensitized states of the receptor.     

Biodegradation of refractory hydrocarbon biomarkers from petroleum under laboratory conditions

Biomarkers are of great value in petroleum exploration because they provide essential information about the geological history of oils and source rocks. Steranes are of particular importance as they can be related to naturally occurring precursors. These compounds generally experience intense biodegradation, however, which alters their original distribution and obscures the information that they carry regarding oil maturity and source material. In an attempt to identify the microorganisms responsible for this degradation, we have investigated the capacity of 73 aerobic bacteria to degrade steranes present in Rozel Point (Utah) oil. Seven Gram-positive strains, belonging to a limited number of genera, were found to be active. Using Nocardia sp. SEBR 16, which caused the most extensive alteration, we have determined biodegradation rates for several isomers of steranes and methylsteranes. The preference for alteration of different isomers reflects that observed in natural environments, suggesting that the degradation intermediates could be used as indicators of the extent of the biodegradation in an oil. In addition, the microorganisms used here might be effective in biodegrading oil spills.