Complex reorganization and predominant non-homologous repair following chromosomal breakage in karyotypically balanced germline rearrangements and transgenic integration

We defined the genetic landscape of balanced chromosomal rearrangements at nucleotide resolution by sequencing 141 breakpoints from cytogenetically interpreted translocations and inversions. We confirm that the recently described phenomenon of 'chromothripsis' (massive chromosomal shattering and reorganization) is not unique to cancer cells but also occurs in the germline, where it can resolve to a relatively balanced state with frequent inversions. We detected a high incidence of complex rearrangements (19.2%) and substantially less reliance on microhomology (31%) than previously observed in benign copy-number variants (CNVs). We compared these results to experimentally generated DNA breakage-repair by sequencing seven transgenic animals, revealing extensive rearrangement of the transgene and host genome with similar complexity to human germline alterations. Inversion was the most common rearrangement, suggesting that a combined mechanism involving template switching and non-homologous repair mediates the formation of balanced complex rearrangements that are viable, stably replicated and transmitted unaltered to subsequent generations.     

两种前处理方法测定菜籽油中6种金属元素含量的比较

目的:比较不同前处理方法对菜籽油中6种金属元素含量测定的影响.方法:分别使用干灰化法和湿消化法进行前处理,并用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定15个菜籽油样品中铅、镉、铜、铁等6种金属元素的含量.结果:干灰化法和湿消化法处理后所测菜籽油样品中Pb、Cu含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Fe、Mn含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).各元素的R2均大于0.99,干灰化法的加标回收率81.90%~107.45%,湿消化法的加标回收率99.90%~108.05%.均满足痕量分析要求,相比之下,干灰化法与湿消化法的加标回收率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且湿消化法-火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定油样的回收率相对干灰化法的要高.结论:两种方法都能获得准确的测定结果;湿消化法要优于干灰化法.     

ZG35CrMnSiRe热处理的试验研究

ZG35CrMnSiRe铸钢经不同的热处理,对其强度、硬度、塑性和冲击韧性等机械性能进行测定,实验结果表明其综合机械性能良好。     

Experience-dependent plasticity of dendritic spines in the developing rat barrel cortex in vivo

Do changes in neuronal structure underlie cortical plasticity? Here we used time-lapse two-photon microscopy of pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of developing rat barrel cortex to image the structural dynamics of dendritic spines and filopodia. We found that these protrusions were highly motile: spines and filopodia appeared, disappeared or changed shape over tens of minutes. To test whether sensory experience drives this motility we trimmed whiskers one to three days before imaging. Sensory deprivation markedly (approximately 40%) reduced protrusive motility in deprived regions of the barrel cortex during a critical period around postnatal days (P)11-13, but had no effect in younger (P8-10) or older (P14-16) animals. Unexpectedly, whisker trimming did not change the density, length or shape of spines and filopodia. However, sensory deprivation during the critical period degraded the tuning of layer 2/3 receptive fields. Thus sensory experience drives structural plasticity in dendrites, which may underlie the reorganization of neural circuits.     

Cloning of a representative genomic library of the human X chromosome after sorting by flow cytometry

A library of 50,000 recombinants representative of the human X chromosome has been constructed. Human X chromosomes were physically separated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The DNA was purified from the chromosomes, digested to completion with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and cloned into the phage lambda gtWES.lambda B. The X-derived nature of the recombinants was confirmed by hybridization to rodent/human cell line DNA containing only the human X chromosome. Such libraries will be particularly useful for the investigation of genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where the basic defect has not been elucidated, and of neoplasia, where several specific chromosomal anomalies, particularly for the leukaemias, have been identified.     

Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property

Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily--and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.     

人体生物力学模型的驾驶舒适度仿真研究

为了高效地评价人在驾驶汽车过程中的舒适性,由Adams/LifeMode软件建立了坐姿人体-座椅系统的生物力学模型.应用Matlab工具编程,得出了GB7031规定的B、C级公路的功率谱函数,并转换成易于加载的时域信号.通过加权计算,得到了在典型行驶速度下人体关键部位的振动加速度响应,进而提出了全身振动以及人体局部振动的舒适性仿真评价方法.采用Adams/LifeM-ode软件,建立了有别于传统弹簧—阻尼—质量模型的人体生物力学模型,实现了乘坐舒适性评价的计算过程,为研究人体局部振动舒适性提供了理论基础.