Orally administered melatonin stimulates the 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase but not the 5α-reductase in the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles of pinealectomized rats

Summary Pinealectomized rats were treated orally with melatonin (MEL) for 14 days. Prostates and seminal vesicles were investigated for the activity of the 4-3-ketosteroid-5-oxidoreductase (5-R) and of the 3/-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase (3-HSO). The activity of the 3a-HSO was significantly stimulated (p<0.01, Friedman test) when compared to controls. The activity of the 5-R did not change significantly.This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sonderforschungsbereich 34 (Endokrinologie).     

非离子表面活性剂Tween-80存在下5-Br-PADAP分光光度法同时测定微量Cu(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅲ)

:在 p H3 .50酸性介质中 ,Cu( )和 Fe( )在非离子表面活性剂 Tween-80存在下与 5-Br-PADAP生成有色配合物 .有色配合物最大吸收波长都位于 570 nm处 ;表观摩尔吸光系数分别为 7.96× 1 0 4 L· mol-1· cm-1和 6.3 0× 1 0 4 L· mol-1· cm-1;Cu( )在 0～ 1 3μg/2 5ml,Fe( )在 0～ 1 8μg/2 5ml范围内符合比耳定律 .用拟定的方法测定了铝片和水样中的 Cu( )和 Fe( ) ,结果令人满意     

Intercellular bridges of chick blastoderm studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Chick blastoderms were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to identify by both methods a type of thread-like structure lying on the epiblast. The structure was identified by transmission microscopy as a long telophase bridge containing mid-body and spindle remnant. It appears to provide cytoplasmic continuity between only 2 cells.     

基于代谢组学分析COPD肾虚痰瘀证与异常黑胆质证共性特征

 从代谢组学角度进行慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)中维西医病证结合的临床研究,解析中维医不同分型间及其与正常人群间代谢表型的构成差异,寻找并鉴定中维医证型的代谢生物标记物,阐述中医肾虚痰瘀证及维医异常黑胆质证在代谢组学方面的共性特征改变及其物质基础,以体现两者在代谢组学方面的交互性,为COPD的诊断、防治提供新的思路和方法奠定一定的基础。首先,按照纳入标准收集COPD稳定期患者105例,进行西医的诊断分级以及中医、维吾尔医的辨证分型,分为中医肾虚痰瘀证组和维医异常黑胆质证组,对所有患者及正常对照组受试者血样分批进行核磁共振技术(NMR)的代谢组学方面的测定和分析;得到健康人与各组COPD患者的血浆一维及二维氢谱,对1H-NMR谱进行分段积分后的积分值进行OPLS-DA分析,得到3D平面分布图,显示COPD患者肾虚痰瘀证组、异常黑胆质证组分别与正常对照组的分布区域完全分开,而中维医二组的分布区域未完全分开,说明两组血浆在代谢成分上无明显差异,同样表现为血桨中多种氨基酸显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中包括异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸。此外,糖蛋白、不饱和脂类及极低密度脂蛋白也较健康人显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而乳酸、肉碱及丙酮、乙酰乙酸较健康人增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);因此COPD二组中维医证患者血浆中代谢紊乱较正常对照组严重,提示氨基酸、蛋白质的代谢异常及脂肪代谢减弱、三大营养物质代谢反复相互影响的程度更重,使代谢紊乱状态更加严重。总之,从代谢组学角度出发,进行COPD中维医病证结合的对比研究,发现肾虚痰瘀证及异常黑胆质证患者代谢组学改变更突出,但两证的代谢组学变化基本一致,其生物表型相似,表现为氨基酸、脂肪及糖代谢异常,提示COPD肾虚痰瘀证与异常黑胆质证患者机体内三大物质代谢紊乱、能量代谢异常,相比健康人显示机体的免疫功能更低下、内分泌功能更紊乱、预后更差。     

2-芳基-3-羟基-4,9-二氢芳庚并吡喃-4,9-二酮类化合物的合成研究

以3-乙酰基酚酮(1)为原料,与自制的苯基三甲基三溴化胺在四氢呋喃中反应2h后,加水稀释得到甲基上单溴化产物3-(2-溴代乙酰基)酚酮(2)。化合物(2)与取代苯甲醛类化合物(3a-i)在以甲醇为溶剂的条件下,于冰水浴中滴加氢氧化钠溶液,反应3h闭环,酸化后即得类黄酮型缩杂环酮的一系列化合物(4a—i),其中4b—4f是未见报道的新化合物。所有化合物的结构通过红外光谱、液相色谱分析及物理常数的测定得以证实。     

Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes

Cancers arise owing to mutations in a subset of genes that confer growth advantage. The availability of the human genome sequence led us to propose that systematic resequencing of cancer genomes for mutations would lead to the discovery of many additional cancer genes. Here we report more than 1,000 somatic mutations found in 274 megabases (Mb) of DNA corresponding to the coding exons of 518 protein kinase genes in 210 diverse human cancers. There was substantial variation in the number and pattern of mutations in individual cancers reflecting different exposures, DNA repair defects and cellular origins. Most somatic mutations are likely to be 'passengers' that do not contribute to oncogenesis. However, there was evidence for 'driver' mutations contributing to the development of the cancers studied in approximately 120 genes. Systematic sequencing of cancer genomes therefore reveals the evolutionary diversity of cancers and implicates a larger repertoire of cancer genes than previously anticipated.     

A second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium

The mammalian olfactory system detects chemicals sensed as odours as well as social cues that stimulate innate responses. Odorants are detected in the nasal olfactory epithelium by the odorant receptor family, whose approximately 1,000 members allow the discrimination of a myriad of odorants. Here we report the discovery of a second family of receptors in the mouse olfactory epithelium. Genes encoding these receptors, called 'trace amine-associated receptors' (TAARs), are present in human, mouse and fish. Like odorant receptors, individual mouse TAARs are expressed in unique subsets of neurons dispersed in the epithelium. Notably, at least three mouse TAARs recognize volatile amines found in urine: one detects a compound linked to stress, whereas the other two detect compounds enriched in male versus female urine-one of which is reportedly a pheromone. The evolutionary conservation of the TAAR family suggests a chemosensory function distinct from odorant receptors. Ligands identified for TAARs thus far suggest a function associated with the detection of social cues.     

真菌Penicillium sp.MO3产生的抗菌肽AF2的分离纯化和性质的研究

从真菌Penicillium sp.M03发酵液中提取到一种具有抗菌活性的肽类物质AF2,并对其性质进行初步研究.真菌发酵液经纱布过滤,离心后经10000 D超滤膜超滤,冻干,以纯水溶解经Sephadex LH-20,DEAE Sepharose及Sephadex G-15进行分离纯化得到纯净物质,并对其基本性质进行研究.结果证明：AF2具有典型的肽类物质特征反应,分子量约为1155,含有12种常见氨基酸,对酸碱,胰蛋白酶,β-内酰胺酶稳定,对热有较好的耐受性.