Evolutionary distinctiveness of the endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle

The endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempi) nests almost exclusively at a single locality in the western Gulf of Mexico, whereas the olive ridley (L. olivacea) nests globally in warm oceans. Morphological similarities between kempi and olivacea, and a geographical distribution that "...makes no sense at all under modern conditions of climate and geography", raise questions about the degree of evolutionary divergence between these taxa. Analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction sites shows that Kemp's ridley is distinct from the olive ridley in matriarchal phylogeny, and that the two are sister taxa with respect to other marine turtles. Separation of olive and the Kemp's ridley lineages may date to formation of the Isthmus of Panama, whereas the global spread of the olive ridley lineage occurred recently. In contrast to recent examples in which molecular genetic assessments challenged systematic assignments underlying conservation programmes, our mtDNA data corroborate the taxonomy of an endangered form.     

Carbazole-type compounds in crude oils

Carbazole-type compounds were analyzed using GC and GC-MS-MS. A relatively high concentration of carbazole-type compounds was detected in crude oils of different types (marine and non-marine) and different maturities (low mature and mature) in Tarinl. Liaohe and Keilu basins. The results suggest the ratios of 1, 8-dimethyl-/2, 7-dimethylcarbazole and benu, [a] carbazole/benzo [e] carbazole might be taken as petroleum migration parameters.     

沙棘研究及其生态建设思考

沙棘是一种生命力极强的灌木 ,一般生长在干燥、寒冷的贫瘠山区。在我国 ,沙棘主要分布在山西、西藏、青海、内蒙、陕西等省区 ,约占全世界沙棘资源的 90 %以上。沙棘果实和叶中含有丰富的生物活性成分 ,是珍贵的药食两用植物资源。同时沙棘还对防止水土流失、改善生态环境 ,具有十分重要的作用     

基于均匀设计和BP神经网络的花生油SFE-CO2萃取预测

利用均匀设计和BP神经网络相结合的方法,研究了SFE-CO₂萃取花生油工艺。以半烘烤并粉碎之后的花生为原料,针对萃取压力、温度、时间和CO₂流量4个因素,每个因素10个水平安排实验,利用均匀设计的实验数据作为网络训练样本,构造花生油SFE-CO₂萃取的BP神经网络预测模型,对萃取过程进行预测,分析各实验因素与出油率之间的关系,确定较优的工艺条件。最后确定4-9-1的BP神经网络模型,利用该模型所得出油率的预测值与实验值相接近,相对误差(绝对值)小于2%;构造的BP神经网络模型能较好地预测萃取过程中各参数影响下花生出油率的变化趋势。结果显示,当萃取压力30MPa,温度40.5℃,时间125min,CO₂流量187L/(h·kg)时花生出油率可达期望值47.5%。该方法为实现预测与控制SFE-CO₂萃取花生油过程奠定了可靠的理论基础。     

三峡五级船闸运行级数及补水判断程序

三峡五级船闸是目前世界上规模最大的通航设施，船闸投入运行的级数需根据不同，下游水位的组合来确定。本文分析推地了在满足各闸室设计允许的最高，最低通航水位及输水闸门最高工作水头条件下，根据实测的上，下游水位判断运行级数，计算补水量的方法和数学模型，解决了监控系统自动生成船闸运行级数，自动判断补水及补水量计算等问题。     

钢筋混凝土梁表面多裂缝扩展的试验研究

采用单模光纤和基于差分脉冲对(DPP)技术的布里渊光时域分析仪(BOTDA)对表面已有2条宽度分别为0.5和0.1mm、间距20cm裂缝的钢筋混凝土梁在一定荷载下裂缝的扩展变化进行了试验研究.将一根直径250μm的裸光纤环绕4道跨过相同裂缝,并采用不同的胶黏剂全面黏接,研究了胶黏剂粘贴效果对测量结果的影响.在梁中部加载10kN的静态荷载使裂缝扩展,将BOTDA的空间分辨率设为5cm,采样间隔设为1cm,经初步的信号处理,即可获得混凝土表面裂缝扩展的应变分布的明显变化.测量结果表明,具有高空间分辨率和较小空间采样间隔的DPP-BOTDA能比较准确地测量混凝土连续梁表面比较密集的裂缝受压扩展情况,测量结果基本不受胶黏剂的影响.     

A single positively selected West Nile viral mutation confers increased virogenesis in American crows

West Nile virus (WNV), first recognized in North America in 1999, has been responsible for the largest arboviral epiornitic and epidemic of human encephalitis in recorded history. Despite the well-described epidemiological patterns of WNV in North America, the basis for the emergence of WNV-associated avian pathology, particularly in the American crow (AMCR) sentinel species, and the large scale of the North American epidemic and epiornitic is uncertain. We report here that the introduction of a T249P amino acid substitution in the NS3 helicase (found in North American WNV) in a low-virulence strain was sufficient to generate a phenotype highly virulent to AMCRs. Furthermore, comparative sequence analyses of full-length WNV genomes demonstrated that the same site (NS3-249) was subject to adaptive evolution. These phenotypic and evolutionary results provide compelling evidence for the positive selection of a mutation encoding increased viremia potential and virulence in the AMCR sentinel bird species.     

一种基于局部平均法向变形的网格参数化方法

针对有边界无边界的网格参数化问题,提出一种局部平均法向变形的网格参数化方法,以平均曲率流的方式为参考,将顶点推向其邻居的平均位置,使网格变形至平面或球面.首先,计算每个三角形邻居面的平均法向,并以该法向为目标,计算每个面法向变化的旋转矩阵;其次,基于Poisson方程将整个网格重新"缝合",通过优化拉伸能量,计算顶点的...     

多惯性权重的自适应粒子群优化算法

惯性权重是粒子群优化算法重要参数之一,它能够平衡算法的全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力.为了利用已知惯性权重解决某些问题的优点,提出一种多惯性权重的自适应粒子群优化算法.首先定义了K步进化度的概念,然后基于进化度,从惯性权重集中随机选择惯性权重,使得适合解决某一问题的惯性权重在迭代过程中能够多次被使用,从而提高算法性能,把该...     

基于协方差矩阵的主动学习方法及应用研究

由于工业过程采集的数据中常包含大量的无标签样本,而有标签样本数量少且人工标记成本较高,因此,提出一种基于协方差矩阵的主动学习方法。利用有标签样本建立高斯过程回归模型,并构建无标签样本之间的协方差矩阵,以协方差矩阵行列式的值作为评价指标。在挑选信息量较大的无标签样本的同时,衡量样本间的相似性,避免样本的冗余添加,最终在相同标记代价下提升模型预测精度。基于工业过程数据进行算法的应用仿真,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。