Physiological importance of ω-3/ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in man. An overview of still unresolved and controversial questions

Summary The essentiality of (-6) and (-3) fatty acids in mammals is well known. Nevertheless, some important points remain unclear concerning their implication in physiology. After a short discussion about the definition of essential fatty acids deficiency, this brief overview deals with some of these points, pointing out some of the unresolved questions. Different subjects are approached concerning the (-6) and (-3) fatty acids metabolism: desaturases, eicosanoids, production, as well as some of their metabolic effects on cell membranes, intestinal function, glucose and lipid metabolism, haemorheology.     

One Dimensional Nanostructures for Lithium-ion Batteries, Gas Sensors and Optoelectronics Applications

1 Results One dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as nanowires,nanotubes,nanorods and nanoribbons have been extensively investigated for a wide range of applications[1].Here,we present the synthesis,characterization and technological applications of several 1D nanostructures including SnO2 nanowires,CuO nanoribbons,CdSe nanowires and In2O3 nanowires.SnO2 nanowires were synthesized by thermal evaporation combined with a self-catalyzed growth procedure.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation shows...     

Si基纳米发光材料的研究进展

Si基纳米材料是近年迅速发展起来的一类新型光电信息材料，在未来的Si发光二极管、Si激光器以及Si基光电子集成技术中具有潜在的重要应用，这些材料主要包括纳米孔硅，由SiO2膜、SiOx（x＜2．0）膜与氢化非晶Si（a-Si:H）膜镶嵌或覆盖的Si纳米微粒，Si纳米量子点以及Si/SiO2超晶格等，目前的研究迹象预示，一旦这些材料能够实现高效率和高稳定度的光致发光（PL）或电致发光（EL），很有可能在21世纪初引发一场新的信息革命，主要介绍了过去10年中各类Si基纳米材料在制备方法、结构特征和发光特性方面的研究进展，并初步预测了这一研究领域在今后10年内的发展趋势。     

Effect of Nano－SiC and Nano－Si Doping on Critical Current Density of MgB2

The discovery of superconductivity in magnesium diboride (MgB2) has opened up a new field in materials science research. It offers a possibility of a new class of high performance superconducting materials for practical applications because of the relatively low cost of fabrication, high critical current densities (Jc)and fields, large coherence length, absence of Weak links, higher Tc (Tc = 39 K) compared with Nb3Sn and Nb-Ti alloys (two or four times that of Nb3Sn and Nb-Ti alloys). However, the weak flux pinning in the magnetic field remains a major challenge. This paper reports the most interesting results on nenomaterial (SiC and Si) doping in magnesium diboride. The high density of nano-scele defects introduced by doping is responsible for the enhanced pinning. The fabrication method, critical current density, microstructures, flux pinning and cost for magnesium diboride bulks, wires and tapes are also discussed. It is believed that high performance SiC doped MgB2 will have a great potential for many practical applications at 5K to 25K up to 5T.     

Pharmacological inhibition of store-operated calcium entry in MDA-MB-468 basal A breast cancer cells: consequences on calcium signalling,cell migration and proliferation

Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry is a pathway that is remodelled in a variety of cancers, and altered expression of the components of store-operated Ca²⁺ entry is a feature of breast cancer cells of the basal molecular subtype. Studies of store-operated Ca²⁺ entry in breast cancer cells have used non-specific pharmacological inhibitors, complete depletion of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores and have mostly focused on MDA-MB-231 cells (a basal B breast cancer cell line). These studies compared the effects of the selective store-operated Ca²⁺ entry inhibitors Synta66 and YM58483 (also known as BTP2) on global cytosolic free Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_CYT) changes induced by physiological stimuli in a different breast cancer basal cell line model, MDA-MB-468. The effects of these agents on proliferation as well as serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced migration were also assessed. Activation with the purinergic receptor activator adenosine triphosphate, produced a sustained increase in [Ca²⁺]_CYT that was entirely dependent on store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. The protease activated receptor 2 activator, trypsin, and EGF also produced Ca²⁺ influx that was sensitive to both Synta66 and YM58483. Serum-activated migration of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells was sensitive to both store-operated Ca²⁺ inhibitors. However, proliferation and EGF-activated migration was differentially affected by Synta66 and YM58483. These studies highlight the need to define the exact mechanisms of action of different store-operated calcium entry inhibitors and the impact of such differences in the control of tumour progression pathways.     

Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in mTOR Signaling

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in the control of cellular growth and metabolism. Hyperactivation of mTOR pathway is common in human cancers, driving uncontrolled proliferation. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of short noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of a wide variety of genes. Deregulation of miRNAs is a hallmark of cancer. Recent studies have revealed interplays between miRNAs and the mTOR pathway during cancer development. Such interactions appear to provide a fine-tuning of various cellular functions and contribute qualitatively to the behavior of cancer. Here we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the reciprocal relationship between miRNAs and mTOR pathway: regulation of mTOR signaling by miRNAs and control of miRNA biogenesis by mTOR. Further research in this area may prove important for the diagnosis and therapy of human cancer.     

双峰驼蹠趾关节解剖研究

采用大体解剖学方法,对成年双峰驼的 ８ 个蹠趾关节进行了详细解剖,并与马、牛、羊、猪、犬等动物的对等器官相比较,结果发现双峰驼之蹠趾关节在形态结构方面有以下显著特征：①蹠骨远端关节面后部有矢状嵴,近趾节骨近端关节面后部有与之相对应的矢状沟,这种结构与蹠行动物和趾行动物的类似;②籽骨上无对近趾节骨近端的关节面;③籽骨间韧带只联接同一趾上两籽骨,不象牛的那样将两趾的四个近籽骨连在一起;④轴侧侧副韧带不象牛的那样与对侧的同名韧带共同起始于蹠骨远端滑车间切迹,而是在此切迹分别起始于轴侧韧带窝及韧带结节;⑤轴侧侧副韧带与远轴侧侧副韧带结构有所不同,前者仅为一层,而后者分为两层;⑥籽骨直韧带、趾间趾节骨籽骨韧带及趾间近韧带均缺如     

陕南及关中地区蜘蛛资源研究

报道了陕西省的关中及陕南两地区蜘蛛资源调查结果,目前已发现的蜘蛛共计 ２６ 科７６ 属 １３８ 种,共中 ８ 个陕西新记录属,２１ 个新记录种     

钻孔灌注桩穿越碎石粘土层工程实践介绍

以实际工程为例,对钻孔灌注桩的工程施工情况作出详细介绍,说明钻孔灌注桩在穿越碎石粘土层时的方案及需注意的问题.     

太阳风正负动压脉冲激发磁层ULF波的数值模拟

磁层中的超低频波动（Ultra Low Frequency Wave,简称ULF波）通常被认为是由外界太阳风／行星际磁场扰动或者磁层内部的等离子体不稳定性激发的．当太阳风动压脉冲作用于磁层顶时,可能在磁层内部激发ULF波,从而将太阳风能量输运到地球磁层中．本文利用磁流体力学（MHD）数值模拟研究不同形式的太阳风动压脉冲作用下,在磁层中激发的ULF波的性质．我们主要关注地球磁层对太阳风动压正／负脉冲以及太阳风动压正．负脉冲对的响应．模拟结果表明,幅度和周期均相同的太阳风动压正脉冲和负脉冲,在磁层中所激发的ULF波幅度,周期均相同,然而相位相差180°．另外,对一个太阳风动压正一负脉冲对作用于偶极磁层的情况,在地球磁层内的某些特定区域仍可观察到磁力线共振（FLRs）现象,磁力线共振的区域分布和动压脉冲的周期以及动压脉冲对之间的时间间隔有关．同时模拟计算结果还表明,与单一脉冲相比较而言,在动压脉冲对的作用下,太阳风能量可以传递到地球磁层中更低纬度的区域．因此本文结果可以帮助我们更好地理解太阳风能量通过ULF波形式输运到地球磁层的机制;同时,还可以为研究有关内磁层中能量粒子对不同的行星际激波的响应方式提供线索．