试论环境地貌学的性质和应用

本文对环境地貌学的产生、学科性质、研究方法及果应用作了初步探讨、认为,随着人类改造自然的能力不断增长,地貌(?)环境意义急剧加大,环境地貌学也应运而生,它以统一的整体、环境观,把地貌作为人-地环境要素之一,对地貌的环境意义作理论探讨与实际应用.它运用传统的常规方法和新技术、新思想进行研究,其成果以各种地(?)图件和设计方案投入生产建设和环境整治.城市地貌研究集中体现了环境地貌学特点     

开放·边缘·民间——第四届人类学高级论坛之观察员评论

第四届人类学高级论坛所涉及的所有问题都具有人类学的学术价值。学者们认为人类学是一门开放的学科,中国人类学学者应放在开放的田野工作中提升和构建新的人类学理论。     

红霉素发酵过程前期参数相关分析及调控

对红霉素发酵过程前期调控策略进行了研究,从宏观代谢流的变化着手,对表征细胞代谢特征的参数进行了相关分析,对发酵前期的摄氧率(OUR)、二氧化碳释放率(CER)及呼吸商(RQ)相关变化及红霉素发酵前期CER与pH的变化进行了分析,确定了合适的调控方式,在工业规模发酵罐上通过控制发酵过程前期补糖速率等措施,使发酵平均水平从原来的4500u／mL提高到了6000u／mL。     

对苯二甲酸中微量杂质HPLC分析条件的优化

用离子交换高效液相色谱法分析对苯二甲酸中的微量杂质,并对该方法进行了系统的优化。通过选择流动相pH值使缓冲溶液的浓度降低至0．13mol／L,分析周期缩短至10min以下。结果表明：该方法的工作曲线相关系数在0．9998以上,回收率为98．7％～102．2％,相对标准偏差小于3．6％。     

Response of sagebrush steppe species to elevated CO 2 and soil temperature

Elevated atmospheric CO 2 may cause long-term changes in the productivity and species composition of the sagebrush steppe. Few studies, however, have evaluated the effects of increased CO 2 on growth and physiology of species important to this ecosystem. Since the response of plants to elevated CO 2 may be limited by environmental factors, soil temperature was also examined to determine if low soil temperatures limit CO 2 response. To determine how CO 2 and soil temperature affect the growth of species native to the sagebrush steppe, bottlebrush squirreltail [ Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey], Thurber needlegrass ( Stipa thurberiana Piper), and Wyoming big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Beetle) were grown in ambient (374 mL L -1 ) or high (567 mL L -1 ) CO 2 and low (13° C) or high (18° C) soil temperature for approximately 4 months. Although soil temperature affected the growth of squirreltail and needlegrass, temperature did not modify their response to elevated CO 2 . Total biomass of sagebrush was consistent across soil temperature and CO 2 treatments, reflecting its slow-growing strategy. All 3 species had higher leaf water-use efficiency at elevated CO 2 due to higher net photosynthesis and lower transpiration rates. We conclude that elevated CO 2 and soil warming may increase the growth of grasses more than shrubs. Field studies in the sagebrush steppe are necessary to determine if differences in biomass, resulting from changes in CO 2 and soil temperature, are exhibited in the field.     

Recent decreases in fossil-fuel emissions of ethane and methane derived from firn air

Methane and ethane are the most abundant hydrocarbons in the atmosphere and they affect both atmospheric chemistry and climate. Both gases are emitted from fossil fuels and biomass burning, whereas methane (CH(4)) alone has large sources from wetlands, agriculture, landfills and waste water. Here we use measurements in firn (perennial snowpack) air from Greenland and Antarctica to reconstruct the atmospheric variability of ethane (C(2)H(6)) during the twentieth century. Ethane levels rose from early in the century until the 1980s, when the trend reversed, with a period of decline over the next 20?years. We find that this variability was primarily driven by changes in ethane emissions from fossil fuels; these emissions peaked in the 1960s and 1970s at 14-16 teragrams per year (1?Tg = 10(12)?g) and dropped to 8-10?Tg yr(-1) by the turn of the century. The reduction in fossil-fuel sources is probably related to changes in light hydrocarbon emissions associated with petroleum production and use. The ethane-based fossil-fuel emission history is strikingly different from bottom-up estimates of methane emissions from fossil-fuel use, and implies that the fossil-fuel source of methane started to decline in the 1980s and probably caused the late twentieth century slow-down in the growth rate of atmospheric methane.