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151.
建筑机电设备,一般由各专业设计人员各自布置管线和出图,缺乏系统的协调与平衡,致一些设备及管线会在建筑平面、立面位置上相互交叉发生冲突,甚至影响建筑物的正常使用.为避免这种现象,通过对建筑机电设备的布置进行综合设计,既满足各专业技术要求,又使建筑机电设备管线合理布置,以保障工程质量,降低工程施工成本. 相似文献
152.
研究了用十甲基环五硅氧烷和三氟甲烷电子回旋共振等离子体沉积的掺FSiCOH低k薄膜中,CHF,/DMCPS比对薄膜结构、成分、介电性能、热稳定性和憎水性的影响.结果表明,随着CHF,/DMCPS比的增大,沉积的薄膜从SiCOH向F-SiCOH和a—C:F:H转变.对于F-SiCOH薄膜,在获得较低介电常数的前提下,薄膜热稳定性和憎水性得到改善. 相似文献
153.
实验以硫酸钛为钛源、尿素为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇600为分散剂,采用均匀沉淀法制备二氧化钛粉末。主要讨论了影响沉淀形成时间的主要因素:尿素的用量及加入方法、聚乙二醇的用量、以及水浴的温度等。实验结果表明,以硫酸钛为钛源、尿素为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇600为分散剂,采用均匀沉淀法制备二氧化钛粉末最佳反应条件为:在水浴加热343 K条件下,将尿素缓慢滴加到硫酸钛和聚乙二醇600的混合液中,硫酸钛和聚乙二醇600的混合液在磁力搅拌器搅拌时滴加尿素,用硫酸调节pH在1.5~2,保持硫酸钛、尿素和聚乙二醇600的摩尔比1∶12∶0.01。 相似文献
154.
155.
长春花是重要的观赏和药用植物.为了探索适宜长春花种子萌发及幼苗生长的温度和光照条件,研究了温度(20℃、24℃、28℃和30℃)和光照条件(每日连续光照14h和全黑暗)对经自来水浸种24h后的长春花种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,种子的发芽率和发芽指数、幼苗的芽长和干重均受光照条件、温度以及两者间交互作用的显著影响(P0.01),种子的发芽势、幼苗的鲜重受光照条件以及光照条件和温度间交互作用的显著影响(P0.01),幼苗的根长仅受温度的显著影响(P0.01).各光照和温度条件组合间,种子在黑暗、20℃-28℃下的发芽率和发芽势均最高,在黑暗、24℃和28℃下的发芽指数最高;幼苗的根在光照和28℃以及黑暗和24℃下较长,芽在黑暗、24℃-30℃下最长,鲜重在光照和24℃以及黑暗和20℃-30℃下最大,干重在光照、24℃下最大.黑暗、24℃是长春花种子萌发和幼苗生长的最适条件. 相似文献
156.
157.
Enzyme-catalysed oxidations are some of the most common transformations in primary and secondary metabolism. The vancomycin biosynthetic enzyme DpgC belongs to a small class of oxygenation enzymes that are not dependent on an accessory cofactor or metal ion. The detailed mechanism of cofactor-independent oxygenases has not been established. Here we report the first structure of an enzyme of this oxygenase class in complex with a bound substrate mimic. The use of a designed, synthetic substrate analogue allows unique insights into the chemistry of oxygen activation. The structure confirms the absence of cofactors, and electron density consistent with molecular oxygen is present adjacent to the site of oxidation on the substrate. Molecular oxygen is bound in a small hydrophobic pocket and the substrate provides the reducing power to activate oxygen for downstream chemical steps. Our results resolve the unique and complex chemistry of DpgC, a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of an important class of antibiotics. Furthermore, mechanistic parallels exist between DpgC and cofactor-dependent flavoenzymes, providing information regarding the general mechanism of enzymatic oxygen activation. 相似文献
158.
Parton LE Ye CP Coppari R Enriori PJ Choi B Zhang CY Xu C Vianna CR Balthasar N Lee CE Elmquist JK Cowley MA Lowell BB 《Nature》2007,449(7159):228-232
A subset of neurons in the brain, known as 'glucose-excited' neurons, depolarize and increase their firing rate in response to increases in extracellular glucose. Similar to insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells, glucose excitation of neurons is driven by ATP-mediated closure of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. Although beta-cell-like glucose sensing in neurons is well established, its physiological relevance and contribution to disease states such as type 2 diabetes remain unknown. To address these issues, we disrupted glucose sensing in glucose-excited pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons via transgenic expression of a mutant Kir6.2 subunit (encoded by the Kcnj11 gene) that prevents ATP-mediated closure of K(ATP) channels. Here we show that this genetic manipulation impaired the whole-body response to a systemic glucose load, demonstrating a role for glucose sensing by POMC neurons in the overall physiological control of blood glucose. We also found that glucose sensing by POMC neurons became defective in obese mice on a high-fat diet, suggesting that loss of glucose sensing by neurons has a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism for obesity-induced loss of glucose sensing in POMC neurons involves uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial protein that impairs glucose-stimulated ATP production. UCP2 negatively regulates glucose sensing in POMC neurons. We found that genetic deletion of Ucp2 prevents obesity-induced loss of glucose sensing, and that acute pharmacological inhibition of UCP2 reverses loss of glucose sensing. We conclude that obesity-induced, UCP2-mediated loss of glucose sensing in glucose-excited neurons might have a pathogenic role in the development of type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
159.
The mechanisms that determine the lifespan of an organism are still largely a mystery. One goal of ageing research is to find drugs that would increase lifespan and vitality when given to an adult animal. To this end, we tested 88,000 chemicals for the ability to extend the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Here we report that a drug used as an antidepressant in humans increases C. elegans lifespan. In humans, this drug blocks neural signalling by the neurotransmitter serotonin. In C. elegans, the effect of the drug on lifespan is reduced or eradicated by mutations that affect serotonin synthesis, serotonin re-uptake at synapses, or either of two G-protein-coupled receptors: one that recognizes serotonin and the other that detects another neurotransmitter, octopamine. In vitro studies show that the drug acts as an antagonist at both receptors. Testing of the drug on dietary-restricted animals or animals with mutations that affect lifespan indicates that its effect on lifespan involves mechanisms associated with lifespan extension by dietary restriction. These studies indicate that lifespan can be extended by blocking certain types of neurotransmission implicated in food sensing in the adult animal, possibly leading to a state of perceived, although not real, starvation. 相似文献
160.
This article mainly describes the selfreliance and innovation of Qinshan nuclear power project of phase II,inbetween it contains new reactor core design, as well as related experimental and calculation analysis, especially for new reactor design produced fluidinduced vibration model test, theoretical analysis and testing inbuilt reactor; aiming at twoloop NSSS a series improvement made for safety systems and related safety analysis to enhance their reliability and redundancy; according to specialty of twoloop NSSS an optimization made for NPP parameters and design of related equipments, for the purpose to make the output of NPP maximal; design of main reactor building and TG building also improved according to characteristics of twoloop NSSS and site conditions. CRDM and refueling machine are researched and manufactured on base of selfreliance, their performance are better than design requirements, large portion of key equipments are localized through different way. In construction first time realized the integrated erection of containment dome. During the commissioning nonnuclear steam driving of TG set, as well as 500 kV high voltage rising using emergent diesel generator, etc. are carried out. In period of operation still continuous innovation and improvement are made, so that to keep the good record of operation. 相似文献