有机萃取相中Eu(Ⅲ)的配位层结构

本文利用Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）在有机萃取相中，５Ｄ０→７Ｆ２５Ｄ０→７Ｆ１两个跃迁的荧光峰高及比值作为研究Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）配位层组成和结构的探针。研究了ＴＢＰ，ＤＢＰ，Ｐ２０４与Ｐ５０７等４种有机磷萃取剂和Ｅｕ（ＣｌＯ４）３，Ｅｕ（ＮＯ３）３两种铕盐水溶液的萃取物的荧光光谱。发现萃取剂直接取代内配位层中水的能力不强，在萃取物中很可能形成外配位层，表现为荧光受到内层水分子的强烈猝灭。利用阴离子对Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）亲和力的差别，用ＮＯ３－先行取代或从有机萃取物中取代内层的水分子，可观测到荧光的明显增强，表明内配位层［组成与结构的变化。这一现象有可能用作改进萃取剂设计和萃取工艺时的参考。     

Polyglutamine expansion of huntingtin impairs its nuclear export

Proteins with polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions accumulate in the nucleus and affect gene expression. The mechanism by which mutant huntingtin (htt) accumulates intranuclearly is not known; wild-type htt, a 350-kDa protein of unknown function, is normally found in the cytoplasm. N-terminal fragments of mutant htt, which contain a polyQ expansion (>37 glutamines), have no conserved nuclear localization sequences or nuclear export sequences but can accumulate in the nucleus and cause neurological problems in transgenic mice. Here we report that N-terminal htt shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus in a Ran GTPase-independent manner. Small N-terminal htt fragments interact with the nuclear pore protein translocated promoter region (Tpr), which is involved in nuclear export. PolyQ expansion and aggregation decrease this interaction and increase the nuclear accumulation of htt. Reducing the expression of Tpr by RNA interference or deletion of ten amino acids of N-terminal htt, which are essential for the interaction of htt with Tpr, increased the nuclear accumulation of htt. These results suggest that Tpr has a role in the nuclear export of N-terminal htt and that polyQ expansion reduces this nuclear export to cause the nuclear accumulation of htt.     

砌体短柱偏心影响系数分析

本文对砌体短柱偏心影响系数甲进行了理论分析。所得理论算式计算结果与试验值较接近。为了便于设计应用,文中还给出了甲值的简化算式。这些算式可供设计砌体短柱进行偏心影响系数计算时参考。     

快凝M2十0．5B高速钢的过热组织

本文采用多种显微分析手段对快速凝固高速钢Ｍ２＋０．５Ｂ在过热状态下合金相的类型、形貌、分布情况及基体组织的亚结构类型进行了观察和分析，同时详细讨论了过热时第二相的粗化、分布情况及其原因．     

再谈价格测算模型及其解的存在性

本文对文献中的价格测算模型的解P的存在唯一性定理进行了改进,并且给出了较为简捷的证明。     

基于曲线波的超声图像分割

为了提高前列腺超声图像分割的准确率,提出一种基于曲线波的半监督超声图像自动分割方法.首先,采用对微小波动敏感度高的Riemann-Liouville (RL)分数阶微分算子,突出模糊边界并增强超声图像的纹理;其次,运用曲线波变换对超声图像进行频域中的分解,获得不同子带分量以表达超声图像特征;然后,基于Adaboost的分类算法识别出超声图像中的病灶区和非病灶区;最后,采用中值滤波和腐蚀的方法使病灶区域边缘完整、平滑.实验表明,与运用共生矩阵及二进小波作纹理分析的分割结果比较,所提出的方法在准确率上有了很大的改进,分割超声图像效果更佳.     

河流古流量研究进展

河流古流速、流量的估算,可以反映出古河道的冲刷与沉积的演变过程．通过对古流量进行研究将为深入理解过去气候变化、讨论人类与环境变化的互动关系以及环境因素在文明形成中的作用都具有重要的意义．笔者对河流古流量研究状况进行了综述,多数学者主要用河相关系法、地貌-水力学法、泥沙粒径-水力学法、古水系法等对占流量进行估算,并指出了目前研究的不足和发展趋势,以利于研究者把握古流量研究现状,并推动其进一步探讨．     

A pathway profile-based method for drug repositioning

Finding new applications for existing pharmaceuticals,known as drug repositioning,is a validated strategy for resolving the problem of high expenditure but low productivity in drug discovery.Currently,the prevalent computational methods for drug repositioning are focused mainly on the similarity or relevance between known drugs based on their "features",including chemical structure,side effects,gene expression profile,and/or chemical-protein interactome.However,such drug-oriented methods may constrain the newly predicted functions to the pharmacological functional space of the existing drugs.Clinically,many drugs have been found to bind "off-target"(i.e.to receptors other than their primary targets),which can lead to undesirable effects.In this study,which integrates known drug target information,we propose a disease-oriented strategy for evaluating the relationship between drugs and disease based on their pathway profile.The basic hypothesis of this method is that drugs exerting a therapeutic effect may not only directly target the disease-related proteins but also modulate the pathways involved in the pathological process.Upon testing eight of the global best-selling drugs in 2010(each with more than three targets),the FDA(Food and Drug Administration,USA)-approved therapeutic function of each was included in the top 10 predicted indications.On average,60% of predicted results made using our method are proved by literature.This approach could be used to complement existing methods and may provide a new perspective in drug repositioning and side effect evaluation.     

靶向TTF-1的siRNA腺相关病毒载体组装验证

为了解决靶向TTF-1的siRNA导入肺腺癌细胞的问题,设计了3条靶向NCI-H1975细胞TTF-1基因的siRNA,并将其分别构建到腺相关病毒上.在293细胞中装配病毒,收获病毒原初液后进行超滤浓缩、层析柱纯化,测定病毒滴度.重组病毒感染肺腺癌细胞系NCI-H1975,通过Western-Blot实验检测siRNA效果,利用凋亡实验验证细胞生物学效应.Western-Blot实验测得siRNA有较好的干扰效果,凋亡实验测得肺腺癌细胞NCI-H1975产生了凋亡,从而证明具有感染性的靶向TTF-1的siRNA腺相关病毒载体组装成功.     

活性污泥宏基因组Fosmid文库的构建

大插入片段宏基因组文库的构建是开发大片段目的基因及分析其结构与功能的基础.文中分别采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法、试剂盒及琼脂糖包埋法提取活性污泥宏基因组DNA,其中琼脂糖包埋法获得的DNA片段大于23kbp,利用此DNA成功构建了以pCC1FOS为载体的Fosmid文库,该文库含有5280个克隆,平均插入片段长度为35～40 kbp,共包含约200 Mbp的宏基因组DNA.从此文库中随机挑选200个克隆,利用活性筛选方法快速筛选到了1个含有淀粉酶的阳性克隆,表明活性污泥Fosmid文库可用于功能基因的活性筛选,具有开发新基因的潜力.