美国五次并购浪潮及其历史背景

美国历史上曾发生过五次大的并购浪潮，对这段历史进行研究，对于进一步加强对我国并购活动管理工作具有重要的指导意义。     

探索学生学习效能的提高--兼数学教学活动

学生学习效能差异很大，这和内外因的各种因素有关，文章着重激发学生学习中的内驱力和教师教学方法等外驱力的作用展开探讨．     

Newton's Easy Quadratures ``Omitted for the Sake of Brevity'

In the 1687 Principia, Newton gave a solution to the direct problem (given the orbit and center of force, find the central force) for a conic-section with a focal center of force (answer: a reciprocal square force) and for a spiral orbit with a polar center of force (answer: a reciprocal cube force). He did not, however, give solutions for the two corresponding inverse problems (given the force and center of force, find the orbit). He gave a cryptic solution to the inverse problem of a reciprocal cube force, but offered no solution for the reciprocal square force. Some take this omission as an indication that Newton could not solve the reciprocal square, for, they ask, why else would he not select this important problem? Others claim that ``it is child's play' for him, as evidenced by his 1671 catalogue of quadratures (tables of integrals). The answer to that question is obscured for all who attempt to work through Newton's published solution of the reciprocal cube force because it is done in the synthetic geometric style of the 1687 Principia rather than in the analytic algebraic style that Newton employed until 1671. In response to a request from David Gregory in 1694, however, Newton produced an analytic version of the body of the proof, but one which still had a geometric conclusion. Newton's charge is to find both ``the orbit' and ``the time in orbit.' In the determination of the dependence of the time on orbital position, t(r), Newton evaluated an integral of the form ∫dx/x <sup>n</sup> to calculate a finite algebraic equation for the area swept out as a function of the radius, but he did not write out the analytic expression for time t = t(r), even though he knew that the time t is proportional to that area. In the determination of the orbit, θ (r), Newton obtained an integral of the form ∫dx/√(1−x<sup>2</sup>) for the area that is proportional to the angle θ, an integral he had shown in his 1669 On Analysis by Infinite Equations to be equal to the arcsin(x). Since the solution must therefore contain a transcendental function, he knew that a finite algebraic solution for θ=θ(r) did not exist for ``the orbit' as it had for ``the time in orbit.' In contrast to these two solutions for the inverse cube force, however, it is not possible in the inverse square solution to generate a finite algebraic expression for either ``the orbit' or ``the time in orbit.' In fact, in Lemma 28, Newton offers a demonstration that the area of an ellipse cannot be given by a finite equation. I claim that the limitation of Lemma 28 forces Newton to reject the inverse square force as an example and to choose instead the reciprocal cube force as his example in Proposition 41. (Received August 14, 2002) Published online March 26, 2003 Communicated by G. Smith     

磁放大器原理及执行器故障分析

论述了磁放大器的工作原理和特点 ,介绍了磁放大器在执行器中的应用 ,对执行器的两种常见故障作了分析     

应用不定量凸模型的遗传算法解决结构设计的优化问题

针对不定静载荷和由不定搜索而产生的最不利情况 ,应用遗传算法来解决桁架的优化问题。说明了在考虑不定量的结构设计优化问题中 ,应用遗传算法实现的高效性。     

免用第三变量的两变量值交换

针对采用第三变量两变量值的交换占用多余内存的不足，提出算术运算法、布尔型变量的交换法、异或运算法和异或运算取反法等4个免用第三个临时变量的两变量值交换方法，并分析这些方法的优缺点。关键词：变量交换第三变量异或运算     

微分电位溶出法测定酒中痕量铅

本文研究了测定酒中痕量铅的微分电位溶出法。该法检测下限为0.1ug·L~(-1)pb,在0～10ug·L~(-1)浓度范围内有良好线性关系,用于酒中痕量铅的直接测定,其相对标准偏差小于4.5%,回收率为98.5～103%,结果令人满意。     

实现汽车发动机可变气门相位的新方法

介绍一种用于双顶置凸轮轴式发动机的采用两级谐波传动的新型进气凸轮轴调相机构。它由输入刚轮（正时带轮）、柔轮、输出刚轮（与进气凸轮轴联接）、固定波发生器、动波发生器和步进电机等组成。用步进电机驱动动波发生器可改变输出、输入刚轮的相对位置，从而改变进气相位。该机构能在很大角度范围内，以小步长实现多级调相，轴向尺寸小，转动惯量小，控制驱动功率小。２００ｈ试验表明，该机构工作可靠，能够准确地根据控制信号进行凸轮轴的调相。     

Pb-Sn-Bi三元系α相固溶体的点阵参数

应用X射线衍射法测定了Pb-Sn-Bi三元系Pb基α相固溶体的点阵参数,发现点阵间距与成分呈线性变化,对两批实验数据分别进行回归分析,得到点阵参数-浓度关系的统一解析式: α=0.49495X_(Pb)+0.47813X_(Sn)+0.50629X_(Bi)。其F检验置信度大于99.9％,残余标准差σ=6.4×10~(-5) nm,分析点阵畸变的影响因素表明尺寸效应是控制固溶体点阵行为的主要因素。     

山东栎林的基本特征(Ⅰ)

本文在调查了大量样方的基础上,分析了山东栎林的种类组成和地理成分,阐述了栎林的区系特征。