Influence of extreme weather and meteorological anomalies on outbreaks of influenza A (H1N1)

Biological experiments and epidemiological evidence indicate that variations in environment have important effect on the occurrence and transmission of epidemic influenza.It is therefore important to understand the characteristic patterns of transmission for prevention of disease and reduction of disease burden.Based on case records,we analyzed the environmental characteristics including climate variables in Changsha,and then constructed a meteorological anomaly susceptive-infective-removal (SIR) model on the basis of the results of influenza A (H1N1) transmission.The results showed that the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha showed significant correlation with meteorological conditions;the spread of influenza was sensitive to meteorological anomalies,and that the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha was influenced by a combination of absolute humidity anomalous weather conditions,contact rates of the influenza patients and changes in population movements.These findings will provide helpful information regarding prevention strategies under different conditions,a fresh understanding of the emergence and re-emergence of influenza outbreaks,and a new perspective on the transmission dynamics of influenza.     

凯里动物群中Scenella的再研究

研究了贵州台下中寒武统凯里组产出的凯里动物群中的Ｓｃｅｎｅｌｌａ，据其形态，构造及保存特征，认为Ｓｃｅｎｅｌｌａ应属单板类。指出其与毛家仁等（１９９４）所定的Ｓｃｅｎｅｌｌａ ｒａｄｉａｎｓ Ｂａｂｃｏｃｋ ｅｔ ｒｏｂｉｓｏｎ 及Ｂａｂｃｏｃｋ和Ｒｏｂｉｓｏｎ（１９８８）定的Ｓｃｅｎｅｌｌａ ｒａｄｉａｎｓ Ｂａｂｃｏｃｋ ｅｔ Ｒｏｂｉｓａｎ有所区别，据此建立一新种。     

抗菌肽琼脂糖孔穴扩散法与比浊法测活比较及其相关性

以大肠杆菌Ｋ１２Ｋ３１为标准菌株，采用琼脂糖孔穴扩散法和比浊法相结合，对抗菌活性活力进行测定。通过细菌浓度的变化和抑菌圈大小来确定样品的活力单位，生物统计结果表明，活力单位（ｕ）与抑菌属直径（ｄ）两者之间存在定量在正相（ｕ＝０．０６ｄ）。     

吉祥数字:当代中国数字崇拜的文化解读

数字除了基本的计数功能外,人们还赋予了它更多的文化隐喻、哲学意义及宗教意义。而吉祥数字,就是数字中某些被人认为可以趋吉避害,带来吉祥的数字。在当代社会中,伴随经济社会发展而来的吉祥数字崇拜现象值得我们深思。从文化功能、价值取向、社会心理三方面解读"吉祥数字"的崇拜可以客观认识中国传统文化对当代的影响。     

速度欺骗干扰对反舰PD导引头的相干视频仿真

现有的末制导雷达电子干扰仿真评估试验对弹道解算模型进行了较大简化,普遍采用质点模型,使得仿真结果严重失真.讨论了六自由度闭环弹道仿真中的脉冲多普勒雷达导引头(PDRS)相干视频仿真,并针对典型的速度波门拖引干扰场景进行了仿真试验.结果表明速度波门拖引干扰对角度跟踪回路无直接影响,仅影响了角速度估计的收敛性,导致制导精度并无太大变化.该结论和暗室测量结果相吻合,表明PDRS相干视频模型用于6自由度闭环弹道仿真非常准确,为战术巡航导弹的参数设计和性能评估提供了一个有效和实际的解决方案.     

基于人工蜂群优化的NSCT域图像模糊集增强方法

针对实际应用中所采集的图像对比度低、边缘细节模糊的问题,提出了基于非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)、模糊集、人工蜂群(ABC)优化的自适应图像增强方法.首先对输入图像进行NSCT分解,得到一个低频子带和多个高频子带;然后依据贝叶斯萎缩阈值和非线性增益函数增强高频子带系数,采用模糊增强法增强低频子带系数,并利用ABC算法优化其中的模糊参数,以提高模糊增强法的自适应性;接着用低频子带图像的信息熵作为ABC算法的适应度函数,同时引入较劣种群随机初始化策略改进ABC算法,以缩短增强方法的运行时间.文中采用该增强方法对淡水鱼、铁轨表面、储粮害虫3类图像进行了增强实验,并依据主观视觉效果和对比度增益、清晰度增益、信息熵3个客观定量评价指标,对文中方法及其他3种同类增强方法进行了比较.结果表明,所提出的方法视觉效果最佳,能提高图像的对比度和清晰度,目标边缘光滑,且增加了图像的信息量,便于后续准确地进行图像检测与识别.     

吉林省新能源汽车产业的技术预见

吉林省在“十二五”科技规划中提出,要加强新能源汽车技术开发,支持混合动力汽车产业化关键技术、纯电动汽车开发关键技术、汽车节能与低排放控制关键技术研发.但目前新能源汽车产业技术前途尚不明朗,错误的产业发展策略有可能给产业发展带来巨大损失.技术预见不仅可以对产业未来的技术发展趋势做出分析和预测,更能够对市场发展情况、经济效益、发展政策环境等的发展动向做出预期.本文分析了吉林省开展技术预见工作的必要性和吉林省开展技术预见的基础,总结了吉林省新能源汽车产业的技术预见需要注意的问题.结论对于将来吉林省新能源汽车产业的技术预见工作的开展具有重要借鉴意义.     

螺旋管式相变蓄能换热器的蓄冷特性

将螺旋管式相变蓄能换热器应用于太阳能-空气源复合热泵系统中,搭建了该系统的蓄冷试验台并进行蓄冷实验。通过实验测得了系统各测点的蒸发压力、冷凝压力以及所研究的相变蓄能换热器内部换热材料的温度。通过理论计算得出各环节的能量以及COP,并且绘制出了这些参数随时间变化的趋势图。最后分析了整个蓄冷实验过程中各个参数的变化规律和影响因素,总结了螺旋管式相变蓄能换热器的蓄冷特性。     

Resonance in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta

In conventional superconductors, the interaction that pairs the electrons to form the superconducting state is mediated by lattice vibrations (phonons). In high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides, it is generally believed that magnetic excitations might play a fundamental role in the superconducting mechanism because superconductivity occurs when mobile 'electrons' or 'holes' are doped into the antiferromagnetic parent compounds. Indeed, a sharp magnetic excitation termed 'resonance' has been observed by neutron scattering in a number of hole-doped materials. The resonance is intimately related to superconductivity, and its interaction with charged quasi-particles observed by photoemission, optical conductivity, and tunnelling suggests that it might play a part similar to that of phonons in conventional superconductors. The relevance of the resonance to high-T(c) superconductivity, however, has been in doubt because so far it has been found only in hole-doped materials. Here we report the discovery of the resonance in electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta (T(c) = 24 K). We find that the resonance energy (E(r)) is proportional to T(c) via E(r) approximately 5.8k(B)T(c) for all high-T(c) superconductors irrespective of electron- or hole-doping. Our results demonstrate that the resonance is a fundamental property of the superconducting copper oxides and therefore must be essential in the mechanism of superconductivity.     

Photonics: lasers producing tailored beams

Compact lasers that can produce a range of beam patterns are important for progress in several areas, including the improvement of optical tweezers, ultra-high-density optical memory and microfluidics. Here we engineer photonic crystals to generate semiconductor lasers that produce a range of beam patterns while maintaining stable single-mode oscillation. Our results could contribute to the realization of compact lasers that are capable of producing diverse beam patterns on demand.