一种磁性剩余污泥的制备及其除磷研究

以FeCl_3,FeCl_2和NH_3·H_2O为原料,通过共沉淀法制备磁性Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒(MNPs),并将含水率为99%的剩余污泥与其复合,制备磁性剩余污泥(MES)。采用交变梯度磁强计测定、扫描电子显微镜观察等分析方法对MES进行表征。计算磁分离后的污泥体积浓缩程度,进行MES对磷的吸附去除研究。结果表明,MES具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度为42 emu/g,30秒内可实现固液分离,且分离后的MES体积为原剩余污泥体积的1/10。MES吸附磷的最适p H为4~6,最佳磷溶液初始浓度为16 mg/L(以P计),600分钟后达到吸附平衡。准二级动力学模型对吸附试验数据的拟合程度较高。MES对磷的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,理论最大吸附量为3.00 mg/g(以P计)。磁性剩余污泥可快速、大幅度地缩减剩余污泥体积,且对磷的吸附性能优于剩余污泥。研究结果可为处理剩余污泥提供新的途径。     

New insights into the extraction of invisible gold in a low-grade high-sulfur Carlin-type gold concentrate by bio-pretreatment

To extract gold from a low-grade (13.43 g/t) and high-sulfur (39.94wt% sulfide sulfur) Carlin-type gold concentrate from the Nibao deposit, Guizhou, a bio-pretreatment followed by carbon-in-pulp (CIP) cyanide leaching process was used. Various methods were used to detect the low-grade gold in the concentrate; however, only time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was successful. With bio-pretreatment, the gold recovery rate increased by approximately 70.16% compared with that obtained by direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate. Various attempts were made to increase the final gold recovery rate. However, approximately 20wt% of the gold was non-extractable. To determine the nature of this non-extractable gold, mineralogy liberation analysis (MLA), formation of secondary product during the bio-pretreatment, and the preg-robbing capacity of the carbonaceous matter in the ore were investigated. The results indicated that at least four factors affected the gold recovery rate:gold occurrence, tight junctions of gold-bearing pyrite with gangue minerals, jarosite coating of the ore, and the carbonaceous matter content.     

Mn18Cr18N钢异步轧制过程的微观组织和显微硬度

研究了不同异步轧制速比对Mn18Cr18N无磁不锈钢板材微观组织和微观硬度的影响。结果表明,通过异步热轧,板材由表层到中心层的微观组织为梯度分布,表层晶粒细化效果明显;当异速比增至1.2时,表层晶粒细化至2.2μm,细晶层厚度为390μm;异步热轧板沿厚度方向的维氏显微硬度呈抛物线形式,随着异速比的增大,硬度总体水平下降,表层到中心层的硬度下降趋势增大。     

2-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基抗坏血酸研究进展

维生素C(又称抗坏血酸)是一种水溶性维生素,对人体健康有重要作用。抗坏血酸在食品、医疗、化妆品等行业上有广泛的应用价值,但由于自身的不稳定性,易被氧化降解,严重影响其应用。为解决这个问题,对稳定的抗坏血酸衍生物的研究成为国内外专家学者的研究热点。抗坏血酸的一种重要衍生物——2-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基抗坏血酸(AA-2G),作为抗坏血酸的替代品,稳定性显著提高,具有很好的开发应用价值。国内外针对该物质进行了诸多的研究,本文就AA-2G生物合成和应用的国内外最新研究进展进行总结概括。     

Effects of calcination temperature on the structure and adsorption performance of Ce-Mn/AC materials

Activated carbon-supported bimetallic cerium-manganese (Ce-Mn/AC) materials were prepared by impregnation method to study the effect of calcination temperature on the structure and adsorption performance of absorbents. The obtained materials were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm, Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As the results showed, the diffraction peaks of CeO₂ decreased and even disappeared; Mn species were transformed from Mn₃O₄ to Mn₂O₃ on the surface of Ce-Mn/AC; the BET specific surface area increased first and then decreased on the elevating calcination temperature; the number of acid functions of AC was reduced after being modified by cerium and manganese. All these changes were directly attributed to the synergistic effects between MnO_x and CeO₂. AC800 exhibited the best phenol adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism of phenol on Ce-Mn/AC was discussed with hydrophilic (hydrophobic) interaction and hard and soft acid-base theory.     

天然抗氧化剂茶多酚的研究进展

本文较详尽地介绍了茶多酚的组成，性质，国内外现有茶多酚的提取方法和近期研究进展及其在食品，医药，保健等方面的应用。这将有助于低档茶叶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发。     

利用直接核反应研究轻丰中子核的奇特结构

直接核反应是研究丰中子区核结构的重要手段．我们发展了质子标记的敲出反应实验方法,并用于^6He和^8He的结构研究,给出了^7He共振态至今最精确的测量结果．发展了多中子关联测量技术,并基于此重建了^8He激发态以及研究了^8He中的双中子关联．通过屹Be的非弹散射实验,观测到若干共振态,构成^6He＋^6He和^4He＋^8He两条分子转动带,支持挖Be的α-4n-α集团结构．     

湿式离合器热负荷仿真研究

以综合传动装置中的湿式换挡离合器为研究对象,开展对偶钢片和摩擦片的热负荷仿真研究. 考虑了摩擦接触、热弹变形等边界条件,基于ABAQUS6.7建立了湿式换挡离合器总成的三维有限元模型. 揭示了摩擦片和对偶钢片在滑摩过程中温度场及应力场分布规律:其中盘面中部温升不明显,盘面两侧边缘温升明显,对偶钢片上的应力值随半径的增加而增大. 接触面不同区域的应力值随时间变化的规律不同,内环节点的应力值先增大后下降,外环节点的应力基本上一直增大.      

m-匹配树的较小Hosoya指标

图G的Hosoya指标定义为G的所有独立边集元素数目的总和,对于m-匹配树来说,到目前为止已经研究了第一小至第五小的Hosoya指标,侯耀平(2002)在无圈图的最小Hosoya指标文章中指出了m-匹配树的最小及第二小Hosoya指标,冶成富(2006,2008)则分别在m-匹配树的第三小Hosoya指标和m-匹配树的第四第五小Hosoya指标中指出了m-匹配树的第三至第五小Hosoya指标.在这篇文章中,给出了一个较小的Hosoya指标.     

论基于R-Q型因子分析的油料评价量表优化

运用R-Q型因子分析方法对军队地面实物油料供应标准评价量表进行项目优化,从30个题项中删除5个变量,对保留下来的25个变量得分及其样品得分的空间构型进行相近程度D值度量,结果表明删除变量后的构型与初始构型基本一致,验证了这种优化方法的合理性.