Spin and Wind Directions II: A Bell State Quantum Model

In the first half of this two-part article (Aerts et al. in Found Sci. doi: 10.1007/s10699-017-9528-9, 2017b), we analyzed a cognitive psychology experiment where participants were asked to select pairs of directions that they considered to be the best example of Two Different Wind Directions, and showed that the data violate the CHSH version of Bell’s inequality, with same magnitude as in typical Bell-test experiments in physics. In this second part, we complete our analysis by presenting a symmetrized version of the experiment, still violating the CHSH inequality but now also obeying the marginal law, for which we provide a full quantum modeling in Hilbert space, using a singlet state and suitably chosen product measurements. We also address some of the criticisms that have been recently directed at experiments of this kind, according to which they would not highlight the presence of genuine forms of entanglement. We explain that these criticisms are based on a view of entanglement that is too restrictive, thus unable to capture all possible ways physical and conceptual entities can connect and form systems behaving as a whole. We also provide an example of a mechanical model showing that the violations of the marginal law and Bell inequalities are generally to be associated with different mechanisms.     

Frequency of the various stages of the seminiferous epithelium in different strains of male mice

Summary The duration of the various development stages of the seminiferous epithelium in different strains of male mice was determined by scoring the frequency distribution in randomly selected tubule cross-sections. The results obtained show a difference in the duration of the various stages between the different strains.Acknowledgments. The authors would like to thank Dr.J. Baarli and many other members of the Health Physics Group for their help and valuable assistance during the process of this work.     

Cytogenetics of South American akodont rodents (Cricetidae). V. Segregation of chromosome No. 1 polymorphism in Akodon molinae

Akodon molinae is polymorphic with 2n=42, 43, 44, where the metacentric autosome No. 1 is homologous to 2 acrocentrics 1a and 1b. Matings between 2n=43 heterozygotes 1/1a, 1b gave a surplus of 1/1 offspring, a moderate reduction of heterozygous and a strong reduction of homozygous 1a, 1b/1a, 1b offspring. The latter type also has a highly reduced fertility.     

Penicillamine induced changes in growing rats. II. liver parenchymal cell

Zusammenfassung d-Penicillamin als Kupferchelator bewirkt im Langzeitversuch eine isolierte Veränderung der stereologischen Parameter der Mitochondrien und der «microbodies». Zusammenhänge mit der Aktivitätshemmung kupferhaltiger Oxydasen in den beiden Zellorganellen werden vermutet.     

Some metabolic disorders affecting the carotenoid-linked haemolymph proteins inRhynchosciara americana (Diptera,Sciaridae)

Summary Disorders in the carotenoid metabolism are proposed to explain the absence of the yellow and violet or only the violet carotenoid-linked proteins from the haemolymph of someR. americana larvae. The lack of only the yellow chromoprotein is considered to be due to a failure in the biosynthesis of its apoprotein.Supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNP_q). W.R.T. and A.G. de B. are indebted to Prof.F. J. S. Lara for advice, encouragement and for laboratory facilities. We thank Mr.A. Malavasi for collecting larvae in nature, Mrs.R. M. Zanelato for larvae culture and MissI. L. Jorge for typing.     

The sodium and glucose transports byin vitro intestinal preparations

Riassunto L'assorbimento di glucosio da parte del digiuno di ratto, rovesciato ed incubatoin vitro, appare relativamente poco sensibile al trasporto attivo del sodio, mentre il trasporto di glucosio dalla mucosa alla sierosa è fortemente correlato e nello stesso senso, con il trasporto attivo di sodio.

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This work has been supported by a research grant of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma.