基坑开挖对既有桥梁影响计算方法的对比分析

基坑开挖对临近桥梁的影响越来越受到工程界的重视,但是对群桩高速铁路梁桥影响的研究不多且缺少三维分析和二维分析的对比研究.结合工程实际,应用ABAQUS有限元软件对某高速铁路桥附近基坑开挖建立三维有限元模型,分析其墩顶水平位移、桩-墩沿深度方向的水平位移和墩顶竖直位移.其次,鉴于三维分析中复杂的建模过程、较高的硬件配置要求和较长的计算时间,提出了二维有限元简化方法.通过对三维模型和二维模型的分析,比较了各自的优势和劣势,为类似分析和施工提供有意义的参考.     

细微泥沙在活性污泥系统中的迁移模型

在不同进水细微泥沙负荷条件下,以质量守恒为基础,建立了活性污泥系统中细微泥沙的迁移模型.研究表明,影响期混合液中细微泥沙浓度与进水细微泥沙浓度、细微泥沙可悬浮比例、污泥龄、水力停留时间及影响时间有关,恢复期混合液中细微泥沙浓度与恢复开始时混合液细微泥沙浓度、污泥龄、及恢复时间有关.通过模型计算影响期各系统中细微泥沙浓度平均相对误差为11.7%~24.6%,恢复期为29.1%~46.0%;污泥中挥发性悬浮固体含量平均相对误差为0.9%~7.3%;恢复期为2.3%~34.4%.混合液中细微泥沙最大浓度、细微泥沙淤积速率与进水细微泥沙负荷呈正比关系.     

蝴蝶翅表面多级微/纳结构疏水模型及耦合机理

使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测量仪和红外光谱仪(FT-IR),观测了27种蝴蝶翅表面的微观结构、复合浸润性和化学成分.利用Cassie方程建立了蝴蝶翅表面微/纳结构疏水模型,从生物耦合角度探讨了疏水机理.结果表明,蝴蝶翅表面由天然疏水材料组成,具有复杂的多级微/纳结构,包括一级结构(微米级鳞片)、二级结构(纳米级纵肋和横桥)和三级结构(纳米级突起).翅表面具有高疏水性(接触角138°~157°)和低黏附性(滚动角1°~3°).翅表面微观形貌和自清洁性具有显著的各向异性.这种特殊的复合浸润性是材料耦元与结构耦元耦合作用的结果.微米级鳞片的宽度越小、间距越大,纳米级纵肋的高度越小、宽度越小、间距越大,翅表面疏水性越强.研究结果有助于进一步流调结果揭示生物表面的疏水机理,为智能界面材料的仿生设计和制备提供启示.     

抗坏血酸在石墨烯修饰金属有机骨架-离子液体-碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其测定

利用水热法合成铜基金属有机骨架材料(Cu3(BTC)2),用扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱和热重分析等表征其形貌、结构和热稳定性。按照一定比例将Cu3(BTC)2、碳糊和离子液体(IL)[HPPF6]混合研磨制备Cu3(BTC)2-IL-CPE;利用恒电位法在该电极表面沉积石墨烯(GR)制备GR/Cu3(BTC)2-IL-CPE,采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法测试工作电极的电化学性能。结果表明GR/Cu3(BTC)2-IL-CPE对抗坏血酸(AA)的电催化性能明显提升,抗坏血酸浓度在0.005～7.0 mmol/L范围时氧化峰电流与浓度呈线性关系,检测限为0.0017 mmol/L(3σ)。该修饰电极成功应用于市售维生素C片剂的测定,证明本方法具有良好的准确性和选择性。     

无取向硅钢RH精炼过程中夹杂物行为研究

针对无取向硅钢RH精炼工艺各阶段现场取样,系统研究了钢中夹杂物数量、尺寸及成分的演变规律及钢水的洁净度变化。结果表明,钢中夹杂物主要是Al_2O_3及其复合夹杂,尺寸大部分集中在0～2μm,形状以球形和椭球形为主。从RH进站到RH出站,钢中夹杂物数量不断减少,共减少了9.63个/mm2,而尺寸小于1μm的夹杂物仅仅减少了0.85个/mm~2,可见细小夹杂物去除效果不明显。加Al脱氧一个循环时,夹杂物体积百分数下降最快,平均去除率为71.6%,钢中平均总氧含量下降了70%,钢液的洁净度明显提高。但铝脱氧后生成大量细小夹杂物,且随着加Al循环的进行有明显长大的趋势。适当延长铝脱氧的净循环时间,可能是促进细小夹杂物充分长大去除的有效途径。     

The structural basis for activation of plant immunity by bacterial effector protein AvrPto

Pathogenic microbes use effectors to enhance susceptibility in host plants. However, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system to detect these effectors using cognate disease resistance proteins, a recognition that is highly specific, often elicits rapid and localized cell death, known as a hypersensitive response, and thus potentially limits pathogen growth. Despite numerous genetic and biochemical studies on the interactions between pathogen effector proteins and plant resistance proteins, the structural bases for such interactions remain elusive. The direct interaction between the tomato protein kinase Pto and the Pseudomonas syringae effector protein AvrPto is known to trigger disease resistance and programmed cell death through the nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class of disease resistance protein Prf. Here we present the crystal structure of an AvrPto-Pto complex. Contrary to the widely held hypothesis that AvrPto activates Pto kinase activity, our structural and biochemical analyses demonstrated that AvrPto is an inhibitor of Pto kinase in vitro. The AvrPto-Pto interaction is mediated by the phosphorylation-stabilized P+1 loop and a second loop in Pto, both of which negatively regulate the Prf-mediated defences in the absence of AvrPto in tomato plants. Together, our results show that AvrPto derepresses host defences by interacting with the two defence-inhibition loops of Pto.     

An experimental study on the solubility of copper bichloride in water vapor

Using the solubility method, the solubility of CuCl2 in liquid-undersaturated HCl-bearing water vapor was investigated experimentally at temperatures of 330-370 ℃ and pressures of 4.2-10 MPa. The re-sults have shown that hydration could significantly enhance copper solubility and the concentrations of copper were positively correlated with PH2O. The solubility of copper in vapor phase increased with increasing PH2O at the constant temperature. CuCl2 was transported as hydrated species CuCl2(H2O)ngas in water vapor. The formation of complexes is proposed to be the result of the following reaction: CuCl2solid nH2Ogas = CuCl2 (H2O)ngas The hydration number n decreased slightly with increasing temperature. Statistical hydration numbers are 4.0, 3.6 and 3.3 at 330, 350 and 370 ℃ , respectively.     

开采地面沉陷预测的自适应神经模糊推理方法研究

现行各种开采地面沉陷预测方法均存在着一个共同的缺陷,均不能在集成以往开采地面沉陷工程实 例的基础上对某一地下采矿工程所引起的地面沉陷进行预测,而只能根据某种物理的或力学的方法对其进行预 测。人类在工程实践中所创造的开采地面沉陷方面的经验是非常宝贵的财富,应当在建立开采地面沉陷预测方 法时加以充分利用。以所收集的开采地面沉陷工程实例为基础现行各种开采地面沉陷预测方法均存在着一个共同的缺陷,均不能在集成以往开采地面沉陷工程实 例的基础上对某一地下采矿工程所引起的地面沉陷进行预测,而只能根据某种物理的或力学的     

Power control scheme for multiple antenna systems with space-time coding in Rayleigh fading channels

Two optimal power control(PC) schemes under the power constraint for space-time coded multiple input multiple output systems over the flat Rayleigh fading channel with the imperfect channel state information(CSI) are presented.One is based on the minimization of a bit error rate(BER),and the other is based on the maximization of a fuzzy signal-to-noise ratio.In these schemes,different powers are allocated to individual transmit antennas rather than equal power in the conventional one.For the first scheme,the optimal PC procedure is developed.It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier for the constrained optimization in the power control does exist and is unique.A practical iterative algorithm based on Newton’s method for finding the Lagrange multiplier is proposed.In the second scheme,some existing schemes are included,and a suboptimal PC procedure is developed by means of the asymptotic performance analysis.With this suboptimal scheme,a simple PC calculation formula is provided,and thus the calculation of the PC will be straightforward.Moreover,the suboptimal scheme has the BER performance close to the optimal scheme.Simulation results show that the two PC schemes can provide BER lower than the equal PC and antenna selection scheme under the imperfect CSI.     

论西藏农牧区学校体育现状及发展对策研究

文章通过对西藏农牧区中小学学校体育场地、器材现状、体育师资队伍现状、体育教学大纲的落实现状、学校课外体育活动的开展现状等进行调查和分析研究。提出了农牧区中小学学校体育的发展对策及建议。