广角镜头桶形畸变的多项式修正方法

为了修正广角镜头的桶形畸变,提出了一种基于多项式的修正方法,该方法首先用模板对广角镜头进行相对标定,然后用四次多项式拟合桶形畸变规律,最后根据拟合多项式对变形图像进行恢复。对于固定焦距视觉系统,在不考虑视觉系统具体参数的情况下,新的方法能够快速有效地对广角镜头桶形畸变进行修正。该方法在实验中表现出了良好的效果。     

机械化学法合成纳米氧化锌研究

采用机械化学法合成了纳米ZnO粉体,利用DTS,XRD,FT IR,TEM等检测手段对纳米ZnO粉体进行表征;结果表明:经过PAA-NH4分散处理的ZnO粉体的分散性良好,粒径分布范围窄,在60~80 nm范围之间;XRD分析确认本实验所得粉体为纤锌矿结构的六方相ZnO,其纯度高,结晶度好.     

利用统计估算放大法推求可能最大暴雨

由于中国对赫氏法有不同的看法,因此在引进该法后,需要对该方法加以修正和改进,倾向于以离均系数Φm取代统计估算法中的Km值.统计估算法仅从实际发生的大暴雨中寻求Φmm,而没有放大的概念,所以利用该方法计算的PMP值往往偏小.统计估算放大法是通过水汽放大,对统计估算方法进行改进.应用统计估算放大法推算宁德地区PMP,计算结果表明,该方法较其他方法更合理.     

隧道地表沉降预测的时变参数灰序模型TGM-AR

在趋势项提取法中,针对逐步回归法比较烦琐及灰色模型预测精度低的缺点,结合灰色预报系统的灰色性和时变性,根据变形体的实际变形规律,将时变参数a(t),b(t)及灰色理论应用于时序模型建模中,提出并建立时变参数灰序模型TGM-AR.时变参数灰色模型用于提取趋势项部分,时序模型用于提取随机部分.将模型应用于隧道地表的沉降分析和预测,结果表明模型预报精度高,且趋势项的物理意义明确.     

非结构网格下两步压力校正算法的潮流模拟

针对非结构网格下的潮流数值计算,采用有限体积法离散基本方程,对流-扩散项离散采用幂率格式,交叉扩散项引入超松弛校正方法,水位校正方程应用Rhie-Chow动量插值思想和SIMPLEC类算法导出.采用两步压力校正法将交叉扩散项单独考虑,以提高模型对高度畸变网格的适应能力.计算结果表明,该处理方法可提高压力欠松弛系数,并能有效改善复杂区域潮流模拟的健壮性.通过对黄浦江感潮河段潮流的模拟,表明该模型的预测结果与实测资料吻合良好,模型对潮流的模拟结果是可靠的.     

闽浙沿岸上升流及其季节变化的数值研究

采用三维斜压非线性数值模式ECOMSED,同时考虑地形、边界流(台湾暖流、黑潮和长江冲淡水)、热通量及QuikSCAT风场等动力因子,对闽浙沿岸上升流及其季节变化进行了数值研究.结果表明,闽浙沿岸一年四季均有上升流存在,且上升流中心及上升流强度有明显的季节变化特征.其中,浙江沿岸舟山群岛和渔山列岛附近、福建沿岸海坛岛和马祖列岛附近四季均存在较强的上升流中心,上升流强度季节变化特征是"冬弱夏强".冬季上升流强度为10-3cm/s量级,沿岸平均上升流速约为0.3×10-3cm/s;夏季最大上升流速可达0.8×10-2cm/s,沿岸平均上升流速约为0.4×10-2cm/s.     

CoFe2O4纳米管的合成与表征

利用阳极氧化铝模板,用化学方法合成了CoFe2O4纳米管.X射线衍射结果表明,纳米管由无择优取向的、立方尖晶石结构的多晶CoFe2O4构成.电子显微镜显示,纳米管管径约300 nm,管壁厚度约100 nm,由约30 nm的CoFe2O4颗粒组成.进一步的磁性测量表明,纳米管阵列无明显的各向异性,其矫顽力约1 kOe,磁滞回线的方形度约0.37.     

基于多幅不同曝光量照片的场景高动态范围图像合成

提出了一种恢复相机成像系统光照响应曲线,合成场景高动态范围图像的方法.在满足光学成像系统相反法则的前提下,利用多幅同一场景不同曝光量的照片图像,结合最小二乘原理和B样条函数拟合方法,恢复了相机的光照响应曲线,获得图像中像素值与曝光量之间的映射关系,进而将不同曝光量的场景照片图像融合成一幅高动态范围图像.图像中的像素值与场景中对应点的真实亮度值成正比,扩大了场景图像的表示范围,增加了场景图像中高亮区和暗区的细节特征.实验表明,合成的高动态范围图像效果满意.     

Mutations in SMAD3 cause a syndromic form of aortic aneurysms and dissections with early-onset osteoarthritis

Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections are a main feature of connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. We delineated a new syndrome presenting with aneurysms, dissections and tortuosity throughout the arterial tree in association with mild craniofacial features and skeletal and cutaneous anomalies. In contrast with other aneurysm syndromes, most of these affected individuals presented with early-onset osteoarthritis. We mapped the genetic locus to chromosome 15q22.2-24.2 and show that the disease is caused by mutations in SMAD3. This gene encodes a member of the TGF-β pathway that is essential for TGF-β signal transmission. SMAD3 mutations lead to increased aortic expression of several key players in the TGF-β pathway, including SMAD3. Molecular diagnosis will allow early and reliable identification of cases and relatives at risk for major cardiovascular complications. Our findings endorse the TGF-β pathway as the primary pharmacological target for the development of new treatments for aortic aneurysms and osteoarthritis.     

Fluctuation and response in biology

In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed that the forces that cause the random Brownian motion of a particle also underlie the resistance to macroscopic motion when a force is applied. This insight, of a coupling between fluctuation (stochastic behavior) and responsiveness (non-stochastic behavior), founded an important branch of physics. Here we argue that his insight may also be relevant for understanding evolved biological systems, and we present a ‘fluctuation–response relationship’ for biology. The relationship is consistent with the idea that biological systems are similarly canalized to stochastic, environmental, and genetic perturbations. It is also supported by in silico evolution experiments, and by the observation that ‘noisy’ gene expression is often both more responsive and more ‘evolvable’. More generally, we argue that in biology there is (and always has been) an important role for macroscopic theory that considers the general behavior of systems without concern for their intimate molecular details.