Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation

The composite structure of the mammalian skull, which forms predominantly via intramembranous ossification, requires precise pre- and post-natal growth regulation of individual calvarial elements. Disturbances of this process frequently cause severe clinical manifestations in humans. Enhanced DNA binding by a mutant MSX2 homeodomain results in a gain of function and produces craniosynostosis in humans. Here we show that Msx2-deficient mice have defects of skull ossification and persistent calvarial foramen. This phenotype results from defective proliferation of osteoprogenitors at the osteogenic front during calvarial morphogenesis, and closely resembles that associated with human MSX2 haploinsufficiency in parietal foramina (PFM). Msx2-/- mice also have defects in endochondral bone formation. In the axial and appendicular skeleton, post-natal deficits in Pth/Pthrp receptor (Pthr) signalling and in expression of marker genes for bone differentiation indicate that Msx2 is required for both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Consistent with phenotypes associated with PFM, Msx2-mutant mice also display defective tooth, hair follicle and mammary gland development, and seizures, the latter accompanied by abnormal development of the cerebellum. Most Msx2-mutant phenotypes, including calvarial defects, are enhanced by genetic combination with Msx1 loss of function, indicating that Msx gene dosage can modify expression of the PFM phenotype. Our results provide a developmental basis for PFM and demonstrate that Msx2 is essential at multiple sites during organogenesis.     

C-isotope composition and correlation of the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping area, Xinjiang

C-isotope analysis of the carbonates in the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping, Xinjiang indicates that the Qigebrak Formation and the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation mainly record positive C-isotope values, and a distinct positive excursion occurs in the lower part of the Qigebrak Formation. There are three negative excursions in the boundary between the Qigebrak Formation and the Cambrian, the uppermost and lowermost Upper Sugaitbrak Formation. These characters resemble those of the Upper Neoproterozoic in the Three-Gorge area, which suggests that the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation and Qigebrak Formation can be correlated with the middle and upper parts of the Doushantuo Formation and Dengying Formation, respectively. The negative excursion at the top of the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation corresponds to that at the top of the Doushantuo Formation, while the negative excursion at the bottom of the Sugaitbrak Formation can be correlated with that at the middle part of the Doushantuo Formation in the Three-Gorge area and that at the top of the Hangelchaok diamictites in the Quruqtagh area.     

新形势下高校非正式组织的管理体制及发展趋势

高校中存在着"非正式组织",它的存在具有客观性,是正式组织的依附体。在分析大学生非正式组织的类型、特征及发展趋势的基础上,认为大学生工作者有必要细致了解非正式组织情况,才能以科学的方法对非正式组织进行有效地管理和引导,以便培养更多优秀人才目标的实现。     

从腐蚀线路板废液中制备CuSO4·5H2O

本文对从腐蚀线路板废液中制备五水硫酸铜的工艺条件进行了试验研究,提出了治理废液、又能回收铜的适宜工艺条件,对治理废及回收产品具有参考价值.     

复合人工滑液的正交设计

利用正交实验设计配制由透明质酸HA、Lα-DPPC磷脂和γ－球蛋白3种成分构成的复合人工滑液，在PVA－H／PVA－H，PVA－H／316L SS两类人工关节摩擦副上，利用自制振子式摩擦仪测定其摩擦学参数，初步确定出复合人工滑液中3种成分的适宜配比。     

新时期女性写作策略中的误区

新时期女性写作已成为不可忽视的文学现象，女性作家在消解男性中心话语的过程中进行了多种尝试，然而皆不尽如人意。本文从女性写作解构策略出发，按照出走、回来、再次探索的顺序，逐一分析了各种解构策略中的不足及产生这些不足之处的原因。     

δ—癸内酯的合成研究

报道了用环戊酮与戊醛经缩合，脱水，加氢及Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应合成δ－癸内酯的方法，总产率为51．36％。     

用神经网络实现线性系统状态估计

本文研究了一种用神经网络解决线性动态系统状态估计问题的方法。使用了动态优化技术设置Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ网络的加权矩阵。仿真结果显示本文研究的方法具有广泛的适用性。此方法对于大型系统实时估计具有很大的应用潜力。     

急性病毒性心肌炎误诊为急性心肌梗塞的分析

感染性心肌疾病中最主要的疾病是病毒性心肌炎。它的特点为心肌中有局限性或弥漫性的炎症或变性坏死,心包、心内膜亦可累及,心肌炎是全身性疾病中的一部分。病毒性心肌炎是儿童和健康青年猝死的重要原因,约10%最终演变为慢性扩张型心肌病。病毒性心肌炎临床表现复杂多变、病情轻重相差悬殊,误诊率较高,给临床诊断带来了一定的困难。     

螺旋藻净化废水及藻体利用研究进展

分析了国内外利用废水培养螺旋藻及螺旋藻对废水的净化效果,对收获的藻体用作饲料、饵料及进行生物质热解制备生物燃料的研究现状进行了综述,指出螺旋藻净化废水及藻体利用过程中存在的问题和未来的发展方向.