Algorithm for repairing the damaged images of grain structures obtained from the cellular automata and measurement of grain size

Computational models are developed to create grain structures using mathematical algorithms based on the chaos theory such as cellular automaton, geometrical models, fractals, and stochastic methods. Because of the chaotic nature of grain structures, some of the most popular routines are based on the Monte Carlo method, statistical distributions, and random walk methods, which can be easily programmed and included in nested loops. Nevertheless, grain structures are not well defined as the results of computational errors and numerical inconsistencies on mathematical methods. Due to the finite definition of numbers or the numerical restrictions during the simulation of solidification, damaged images appear on the screen. These images must be repaired to obtain a good measurement of grain geometrical properties. Some mathematical algorithms were developed to repair, measure, and characterize grain structures obtained from cellular automata in the present work. An appropriate measurement of grain size and the corrected identification of interfaces and length are very important topics in materials science because they are the representation and validation of mathematical models with real samples. As a result, the developed algorithms are tested and proved to be appropriate and efficient to eliminate the errors and characterize the grain structures.     

低温燃料电池用质子交换膜的气体渗透性研究

以目前应用较为广泛的Nafion 211膜为对象,研究温度、湿度以及压差对膜的氢/氧渗透性影响.结果表明,提高温度和阴阳极两侧气体的压力之差均会导致膜渗透性增加,氢、氧渗透量随温度的升高近乎呈指数增加,而随压差的增加近乎线性增加.湿度对Na-fion 211膜的渗透性的影响不呈单一趋势,当膜从干态到约40%RH时,氢气渗透量随之减少;继续增加湿度到100%RH,氢气渗透量随之增加.     

六边形孔蜂窝梁抗弯承载力的数值模拟与分析

为研究蜂窝梁的力学性能,运用ANSYS有限元程序中的板壳单元及双线性随动模型建立数值模型,模拟分析六边形开孔蜂窝梁的抗弯承载力,并与实腹梁进行对比。结果表明：当扩张比k≤1．50时,k为蜂窝梁抗弯承载力的主要影响因素;当k〉1．50时,承载力较同规格实腹梁削弱过大,不适宜用于承重结构。承载力对比计算结果,验证了文中蜂窝梁屈服荷载修正系数拟合公式的可行性。该研究对六边形开孔蜂窝梁这一新型构件的推广及应用具有促进作用。     

不同减小运动学和动力学数据误差的方法对下蹲跳运动仿真结果的影响

探究不同方法处理运动学和动力学数据对运动仿真计算结果的影响,进而减小数据误差以提高运动仿真计算结果的准确性。采集1名普通男性在校大学生的一次下蹲跳(CMJ)测试的运动学和地面反作用力(GRF)数据,分别使用直接计算方法(DK)和逆向运动学方法(IK)计算关节运动学数据;对原始GRF数据(RF)分别进行10 Hz(SF)和50 Hz(HF)的Butterworth 4阶低通滤波处理。应用Open Sim 3. 3软件结合不同方式处理的运动学和GRF数据进行CMJ运动仿真,计算CMJ过程中下肢肌肉-肌腱长度变化和下肢各关节力矩。采用复相关系数(CMC)和平均绝对变化值(MAV)来评价结果的相似性。结果显示:(1)DK和IK计算的CMJ过程的关节角度曲线相似度高,CMC值为0. 93～1. 00,但两种方法计算的髋关节内收外展角及旋转角结果间差异较大,MAV值分别为4. 40°和4. 81°;(2)DK计算的下肢环节长度最大变化量达48 mm,IK计算的下肢环节长度在CMJ过程中保持不变;(3)两种方法计算的肌肉-肌腱长度相似度与各关节角度结果相关;(4)RF、SF和HF计算所得的下肢关节力矩结果相似,但落地缓冲阶段结果差异较大。所得结论如下:(1)使用IK方法处理运动学数据更有利于减小运动学数据误差,提高运动仿真结果的准确性;(2)不同截断频率低通滤波GRF数据对关节力矩计算结果的准确性有影响。建议根据运动特征,选择不同的截断频率处理GRF数据。     

一种植物生长调节剂的合成及其对小麦促生长作用

2,4-二硝基苯酚钾是一种植物生长调节剂．利用2,4-二硝基氯苯和氢氧化钾作为反应物,通过碱水解方法合成了2,4-二硝基苯酚钾．通过小麦盆栽实验研究了2,4-二硝基苯酚钾对促进小麦株高及根系生长的影响．结果表明：该合成方法操作简单,反应速度快,合成产率达91．6％,反应副产物氯化钾也可以作为钾盐被植物吸收利用;利用该法合成的产物有明显促进小麦生长作用．     

Stability of discontinuous nonlinear singular systems

This paper studies a class of nonlinear singular systems with discontinuous right-hand sides, it develops nonsmooth Lyapunov stability theory as well as LaSalle invariance principle. In this paper, LaSalle invariance principle of the discontinuous nonlinear singular systems is presented firstly. Furthermore, some sufficient conditions for stability and asymptotic stability of the given systems based on Filippov differential inclusion and Clarke’s generalized gradient are given. Finally, these results are illustrated by the given example.     

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China

The Changbai Mountains （2749 m a.s.l.） in northeastern China are one of the typical mountain regions with glaciation since late Pleistocene as evidenced by well-preserved erosive and accumulative landforms at elevations above 2000 m a.s.l, formed by glaciers around the crater lake, Tianchi Lake. Cirque glaciers developed on both the inner and outer sides of the volcanic cone. Well-preserved cirques, glacial trough valleys, glacial threholds, polished surfaces of the glacial erratics and the moraine ridges indicate that several glaciation processes took place during the last glacial period in this region. Resuits of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating on the moraine sediments, and the K/Ar, thermal ionization mass spectrometry （TIMS）, electronic spinning resonance （ESR） dating on the volcanic rocks suggest two periods of glacier advances. One is named the Black Wind Mouth glacier advance taking place on the west and north slopes of the volcanic cone at an elevation of 2000-2100 m a.s.l., which is dated to about 20 ka, being the result of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. The other is named the Meteorological Station glacier advance at the elevation of 2400-2600 m a.s.l., dated to 11 ka during the late glacial period, and is tentatively correlated to the Younger Dryas stage. The scope of the former glacier advance is larger than that of the latter. Regional comparisons showed that the glacial sequences in the Changbai Mountains are similar to other glaciated areas in eastern Asia during the later part of the last glacial cycle.     

工程造价管理与控制方法研究

本文回顾了对建设项目全过程造价控制的研究情况,阐述了我国当前建设项目造价管理存在的问题,并且对工程项目造价基本理论进行了研究,最后提出了工程项目进行全过程造价控制,并提出了各阶段应当进行的工作。     

信息化的认识误区分析——内涵、意义与实施

本文针对以往我国信息化建设中的认识误区,从内涵、意义和实施三个方面进行总结,通过批驳错误来澄清信息化的内在含义。     

地铁站台煤油火灾烟气蔓延的数值模拟

以沈阳地下铁路工程为例.利用计算流体力学的SIMPLE算法,在5种防排烟方式下,对地铁站台煤油火灾烟气的蔓延情况进行数值模拟.选取距地铁站台地面2m平面上,两楼梯口中心点作为测点,得到了不同防排烟情况下测点温度及CO_2摩尔分数的实时曲线,及地铁火场温度和CO_2浓度场云图,分析不同的防排烟方式对地铁站台煤油火灾烟气蔓延情况的影响.模拟结果表明,当仅使用机械排烟时,排烟口位置不同,排烟效果相差不大.加压送风系统与机械排烟同时使用,能有效遏制烟气蔓延,并出现周期性衰减的情况;远离火源的楼梯口可作为更加安全的疏散通道.