从《Science》和《Nature》看关于台风研究的热点问题

热带气旋是形成在热带或副热带洋面上,具有有组织的对流和确定的气旋性地面风环流的非锋面性的天气尺度系统.世界气象组织将最大风速在32.7 ms-1以上的热带气旋称为台风或飓风.由台风引起的强风、暴雨、巨浪等气象灾害给人类带来巨大的损失,其影响范围广,发生频率高,使得对台风的研究成为全球关注的气象课题.本文侧重总结了近8年来(1998～2005)Science和Nature杂志中有关台风研究的文章,综合了国际权威科学家对台风关注的最新进展和研究成果.其中在台风观测手段改进方面,如Doppler雷达对于边界层强滚动现象的发现,GPS风廓线仪对于台风中海-气边界层理论拖曳系数的修正;而在动力结构的研究方面,海气相互作用的重要性,特别是对台风强度预报的影响有了新的认识;在全球变暖的大背景下,气候变化对台风活动趋势的影响成为科学家日益关心和争论的话题.     

微波等离子体CVD金刚石薄膜的显微结构

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）对６种微波等离子体ＣＶＤ金刚石薄膜的表面形貌和显微结构进行了研究，结果表明：在金刚石晶粒长大过程中，（１１１）面方向长大时产生密度很高的微挛晶缺陷，而（１００）面方向长大时产生的晶体缺陷较少。     

基于不确定性的公路网规划环境影响预测研究

为从源头预防公路交通快速发展所引发的环境污染问题,应运用环境影响评价将对环境的考虑融入公路网规划。针对交通决策及其环境影响的不确定性,研究了如何利用情景分析预测公路网规划的潜在环境影响,剖析了未来公路交通发展不确定性的来源,运用因果链分析了未来交通发展及其环境影响之间的逻辑关系。通过建立污染物排放定量模型,构建了一套定性与定量相结合的综合情景分析模式,并将该模式应用于湖北省骨架公路网规划环境影响评价中。结果表明,该方法能够有效解决公路网规划环境影响的不确定性问题,促进可持续的交通决策。     

Treatment of PC-3 cells with ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces distinct alterations in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces apoptotic cell death in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells and to identify the probable mechanism. We used ultrasound in continuous wave mode with a frequency of 21 kHz and a spatial-average temporal-average intensity of 46 mW/cm². Ultrasound combined with microbubbles (200 μL SonoVue?) was used to treat androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells for 30 s. PC-3 cells were divided into three groups: the control group, the ultrasound group and the ultrasound combined with microbubbles group. Immediately after treatment, trypan blue exclusion was used to assess cell viability. Cell apoptosis at 24 h after treatment was measured using transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax. Ultrasound combined with microbubbles had a minimal effect on the viability of PC-3 cells and induced minimal levels of cell lysis. The level of apoptosis in PC-3 cells induced by this modality was significantly higher than in controls (12.77 ± 0.31% vs. 2.56 ± 0.22%, P<0.01). Treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles increased the expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. It was concluded that ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces apoptotic cell death in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.     

快速沉积的金刚石薄膜生长特性

本文研究了用直流电弧等离子体喷射法快速沉积的金刚石薄膜的生长特性,并与用热解CVD法沉积的金刚石薄膜生长特性做了比较。     

SAXS在β晶聚丙烯拉伸丝微孔结构研究中的应用

本文应用小角 X 射线散射技术(SAXS)并配合压汞法和密度梯度法对β晶相聚丙烯拉伸丝的微孔结构以及影响微孔结构的有关工艺因素进行了系统研究。结果表明,SAXS 方法测得的β晶聚丙烯拉伸丝中微孔平均孔径纵向为12～20nm,横向为5.5～9nm,其大小及分布与β晶成核剂的种类、初生纤维中β晶含量、拉伸倍数、拉伸温度、热定型温度和热定型方式等密切相关。经热定型后拉伸丝中的微孔得到不同程度的修补,尤其高温松弛热定型的修补最为显著。     

高校辅导员队伍职业化、专业化、专家化建设探析

高校辅导员队伍是大学生思想政治教育工作队伍的主体之一.建设一支高水平的辅导员队伍是高等教育发展和加强学生思想政治教育工作的必然要求,也是辅导员队伍自身发展的需要.近几年,关于高校辅导员队伍职业化、专业化、专家化建设的研究出现了多样化的趋势,因此有必要对其进行探讨.     

Polarity modified triplex DNA by bromide

Conclusion A py-pu-py triplex DNA containing the polarity modification by replacing the atom H5 of cytosine with Br was examined, mainly for the stability of the formation of the triplex DNA. Our computational results show that the conformation of the strand that contained a replaced H5 by cytosine to Br was destabilized, but the Hoogsteen base pairs were stabilized. Although this approach of modifying the polarity of DNA base has not been tried before, it shows the possibility to improve the stability by the polarity modification.     

氯化铁催化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯的研究

本文报道了以氯化铁为催化剂，以α-萘乙酸和甲醇为原料直接酯化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯的方法及最佳反应条件。     

干旱绿洲植物叶片光合作用特性及季节变化规律

针对西北干旱区绿洲经济作物葡萄树叶片光合作用特性及季节动态差异等相关问题,在甘肃省敦煌市南湖绿洲应用便携式光合作用-荧光测量系统GFS-3000,测定了无核白葡萄叶片的光合特性指标及相关生理、生态指标的季节变化.结果表明:6-9月的净光合速率随光照强度的增加整体呈先上升后平稳的趋势,最大净光合速率与表观量子效率季节变化规律一致,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率季节变化规律一致,净光合速率随CO_2分数的升高快速上升,而后增速缓慢并逐渐趋于稳定,最后出现下降趋势.最大净光合速率和羧化速率季节变化规律一致,单位叶面积氮质量与最大净光合速率表现出正相关关系.