The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

时间相关的含缺陷材料的流变破坏理论

含缺陷物体的与时间相关的失效过程是一个热力学开放的，远离平衡态的系统，失效过程中发生耗散结构的自组织现象，不同尺度上耗散结构的自相似性可供从微观过度到细观和宏观，基于缺陷演化过程国局域温度场和热磁效应的实验研究，从统一的宏、细、微观层次体系出发。研究了与时间相关的缺陷体的失效过程，结果表明。这个失效过程并非纯力学过程，其中的热力耦合和热磁效应不容忽略。     

五个昆明小鼠封闭群遗传生化位点比较研究

目的为了进行昆明小鼠标准化研究,探讨了不同种群遗传生化位点的差异.方法随机选取北京生物制品研究所、长春生物制品研究所、华北药厂、中国医学科学院实验动物研究所和中国药品生物制品检定所昆明小鼠各40只(雌雄各半),测定Es3等十三个生化位点的基因型分布.结果各群在AKP1、Es1和Trf位点均为一个表现型,即b型;北京生物制品研究所、长春生物制品研究所和华北药厂的Ce2为单一的a型;Es3位点除北京生物制品研究所和长春生物制品研究所外,均无a型、ac和ab型;中国医学科学院实验动物研究所种群还在Hbb(s)和Idh1(a)位点只有一种表现型.各封闭群的基因频率在多数位点上处于平衡状态,遗传距离计算的结果表明,基因分布与种群的来源有密切关系.结论不同昆明小鼠种群之间存在差异,需要进一步标准化.     

近十年北京市入境旅游市场特征分析

以北京市入境旅游市场为研究对象，以1990～2001年我国的入境旅游市场统计数据为依据，从纵横两方面对北京市入境旅游市场特征展开比较和分析。通过对近十年北京市海外客源市场构成、格局、旅游者消费等相关数据的分析，并将北京与上海、广州、深圳三个沿海入境口岸城市入境旅游发展态势的比较，阐明北京市入境旅游市场的构成特点，以及旅游者消费结构的变化，为开拓入境客源市场，调整旅游业产业结构提供依据；指出北京市旅游业发展应积极开拓入境旅游市场，形成多元化市场格局；优化旅游消费结构，提高餐饮、住宿和娱乐的消费水平；创造良好的旅游环境、丰富完善系列旅游产品；采取积极的营销策略，树立世界级独具特色的国际旅游大都市品牌形象，为北京建成“国际大都市”发挥更大作用。     

银河系中G型球状星团的轨道计算

选择了4个银河系中累积光谱型为G型的球状星团作为样本，采用3种不同的引力势模型，计算了它们的轨道参数并画出了轨道图，发现不同的引力势模型对轨道形态的影响并不大，但对球状星团的轨道远心距有不同程度的影响，在两个近银心距较小的样本星团的轨道图中发现了异常了异常现象，验证了混沌现象确实时存在的。     

地理信息系统的发展趋势——WebGIS

地理信息系统(简称GIS),以数字化的形式反映人类社会赖以生存的地球空间的现势和变迁的各种空间数据以及描述这些空间数据特征的属性,支持空间数据及其属性数据的输入/输出、存储、显示以及进行地理空间信息的查询、综合分析和辅助决策。随着分布式网络技术的发展、数字地球概念的提出,传统的GIS向着信息共享的网络GIS发展。WebGIS是GIS与网络的有机结合,它使GIS的应用领域扩展到社会方方面面,成为大众化的信息工具。     

Lightning activity on the central Tibetan Plateau and its response to convective available potential energy

Lightning flash activities on the central Tibetan Plateau have been studied by using the satellite-based Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)database from January 1998 to July 2002.The lightning activity shows a clear diurnal variation on the central Plateau.The peak lightning activity appears at about 17:00 which is 3 h earlier than that in Jingxhou,Hubei in the same latitude belt nearby,indicating that the lightning activity is a sensitive indicator of solar heating on the Plateau.The lightning discharge is weaker on the Plateau than Jingzhou.Hubei and other low-altitude continental regions because of the lower convective available potential energy(CAPE)on the Plateau.The CAPE on the Plateau is 12 times lower than that in Jingzhou,Hubei,and 20 times lower than that in the sea-level region,such as Guangzhou and Florida.However,the sensitivity of lightning activity to CAPE changes on the Plateau is up to 30 times more sensitive than other prominent low-altitude regions.     

C－isotope composition and significance of the Sinian on the Tarim plate

102 samples of limestones,mudrocks shales and tillites from the Sinian in Kuluketage have been analyzed ,Four formations in the Sinian belong to glacial deposits in which the differences in δ^13C are distinct (-14.7‰- 4.2‰),Distinctly negative δ^13C excursions for three times support the viwe of three glacial deposits in this area suggested by previous authors,except for the durations of them ,δ^13C values are generally positive in the Beiyixi Formation of lower part of the Lower Sinian ,representing probably the rock records of a continental rift related to break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent,There are three times of distinct excursions of δ^13C curve in all strata,The first one is from positive values at the bottom to about -5‰ at the top of the Beiyixi Formation ,The second one,from 0‰-3‰ in the Arletonggou Formation of upper part of the Lower Sinian to -3.4‰---14.4‰ in the Teruiaiken Formation.The third one,from positive values in the Zhamoketi Formation of lower part of the Upper Sinian to negative values in glacial varves at the top of the Hankeerqiaoke Formation.     

A new Euprox from the Late Miocene of Yuanmou,Yunnan Province,China,with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

The Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan Province is a hotspot for the research of early homind evolution and its environmental background.During the implementation of the Program“Research of the Origin and Evolution of Early Man and Its Environmental Baqckground” from 1998 to 2001,a huge quantity of hominoid and mammal fossils were collected.The present report systematically describes an Euprox robustus sp.nov.identified during the recent laboratory work on the collected material.Euprox is a group of earliest cervids with true antlers.The new species is the third one of the genus discovered in China.Judged by its morphologic characteristics,the new species feed on juicy and tender leaves of dicotyledon.It implies that the vegetation of its epoch in the Yuanmou Basin is a kind of southern subtropical evergreen forest and the climate is humid and temperate with evident seasonality.The latter is mostly influenced by the monsoon and secondly by the latitude.     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.