战略人力资源管理学说

对“战略人力资源管理”这一人力资源管理领域新内容的基本范畴进行简要的阐述,并阐述了其发展背景和理论与实践价值,进而对战略人力资源管理竞争环境的定位、组织发展阶段定位、人力资源管理特征、组织变革战略、人力资源人员与工作角色方面的主要学说进行了介绍。对“战略人力资源管理”这一人力资源管理领域新内容的基本范畴进行简要的阐述,并阐述了其发展背景和理论与实践价值,进而对战略人力资源管理竞争环境的定位、组织发展阶段定位、人力资源管理特征、组织变革战略、人力资源人员与工作角色方面的主要学说进行了介绍。     

Shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cells

Clathrin seems to be dispensable for some endocytic processes and, in several instances, no cytosolic coat protein complexes could be detected at sites of membrane invagination. Hence, new principles must in these cases be invoked to account for the mechanical force driving membrane shape changes. Here we show that the Gb3 (glycolipid)-binding B-subunit of bacterial Shiga toxin induces narrow tubular membrane invaginations in human and mouse cells and model membranes. In cells, tubule occurrence increases on energy depletion and inhibition of dynamin or actin functions. Our data thus demonstrate that active cellular processes are needed for tubule scission rather than tubule formation. We conclude that the B-subunit induces lipid reorganization that favours negative membrane curvature, which drives the formation of inward membrane tubules. Our findings support a model in which the lateral growth of B-subunit-Gb3 microdomains is limited by the invagination process, which itself is regulated by membrane tension. The physical principles underlying this basic cargo-induced membrane uptake may also be relevant to other internalization processes, creating a rationale for conceptualizing the perplexing diversity of endocytic routes.     

Coevolution with viruses drives the evolution of bacterial mutation rates

Bacteria with greatly elevated mutation rates (mutators) are frequently found in natural and laboratory populations, and are often associated with clinical infections. Although mutators may increase adaptability to novel environmental conditions, they are also prone to the accumulation of deleterious mutations. The long-term maintenance of high bacterial mutation rates is therefore likely to be driven by rapidly changing selection pressures, in addition to the possible slow transition rate by point mutation from mutators to non-mutators. One of the most likely causes of rapidly changing selection pressures is antagonistic coevolution with parasites. Here we show whether coevolution with viral parasites could drive the evolution of bacterial mutation rates in laboratory populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. After fewer than 200 bacterial generations, 25% of the populations coevolving with phages had evolved 10- to 100-fold increases in mutation rates owing to mutations in mismatch-repair genes; no populations evolving in the absence of phages showed any significant change in mutation rate. Furthermore, mutator populations had a higher probability of driving their phage populations extinct, strongly suggesting that mutators have an advantage against phages in the coevolutionary arms race. Given their ubiquity, bacteriophages may play an important role in the evolution of bacterial mutation rates.     

蓬子菜中酚酸类成分的分离与鉴定

对茜草科拉拉藤属植物蓬子菜(Galium verum L)全草的乙醇[Ф(乙醇)=95%]提取物进行分离和鉴定.经反复纯化制备化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质分析、波谱解析、对照品比较及与文献报道对比鉴定化合物的化学结构.从蓬子菜全草的乙醇[Ф(乙醇)=95%]提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为芥子酸(1)、丁香酸(2)、咖啡酸丁酯(3)、原儿茶酸(4)、4-羟基苯甲酸(5)、咖啡酸(6)和绿原酸(7),化合物1～5为从该属植物中首次分离得到.     

贝叶斯网络推理分析的团树传播算法——以停车行为分析为例

介绍了贝叶斯网络的基本概念及其推理模式和推理算法,重点进行了团树传播算法研究,应用Matlab软件的jtree_inf_engine模块实现了团树传播算法编程,并以停车行为分析的贝叶斯网络为例进行了预测、诊断、原因关联和混合4种推理分析,根据推理结果总结了城市居民的停车决策行为特征。研究结果表明,团树传播算法可用于贝叶斯网络未知参数的推理和变量间的关系学习。     

梯级电站日负荷最优分配问题研究

本文提出了给定梯级电站日总出力过程条件下最优分配各电站出力的数学模型、最优性条件和实用寻优算法.本文的方法充分考虑了电站间的流水滞后时间的影响和水库中回水的影响,保证使用水库中水量最少并能避免或最大限度地减少因日调峰而造成的弃水.     

多UAV协同搜索的博弈论模型及快速求解方法

在分布式模型预测控制（DMPC）方法框架下,提出了一种局部Nash最优的分布式搜索优化决策方法.设计了基于人工势场的协同机制,给出了势场的形成条件,在此基础上建立了多机协同的图论模型.引入局部Nash最优的定义,通过在连通分量的局部范围进行Nash最优迭代,降低了问题的求解维度.建立了以节点出度刻画UAV决策优先度的模型,根据决策偏序关系,提出了对称、主从、主从 对称3种决策形式,并给出了相应的Nash、Stackelberg和Nash Stackelberg的博弈模型,理论推导了该方法的计算复杂度.采用MPC和粒子群（PSO）优化相结合实现单架UAV的最优决策.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能有效降低问题的求解规模和通信负担.     

基于CT技术的复合沥青混凝土内部空隙特征分析

摘要： 采用X射线断层扫描（CT）技术分析了相同集料级配条件下,不同水泥和乳化沥青结合料用量混凝土的1~10层位空隙数量、空隙尺寸和空隙率等指标的变化规律,并结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析其相关机理.结果表明：在相同条件下,复合沥青混凝土试件两端的空隙数量较多、尺寸大且空隙率较大,而中间部分则相反;复合沥青混凝土内部最大空隙率为10.1%;掺加水泥或采用适当添加量的乳化沥青,有利于降低混凝土的空隙率,当乳化沥青和水泥的质量分数分别为8.0%和3.0%时,混凝土的空隙率最小,仅为3.9%,且其空隙分布不均匀.     

海洋环境下硅灰混凝土的抗冻性与氯离子扩散性

针对海洋环境条件,重点研究了硅灰混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子扩散性能的关系.试验分析了水胶比、硅灰等量替代水泥掺量大小、引气剂掺量等因素对混凝土抗冻性和氯离子扩散性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行了对比.结果表明,掺加硅灰不能提高混凝土的抗冻性但可提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性;硅灰只有与引气剂共同使用,才能同时提高混凝土的抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性能;硅灰掺量在10%左右对混凝土的抗冻和抗氯离子渗透综合性能影响存在一个最佳值.为评估混凝土的抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性的综合性能,提出了新的评价方法--冻渗比(R值方法),并进行了试验验证.     

复方肿瘤血管生成抑制因子口服液的一般毒性和遗传毒理研究

为了探讨复方肿瘤血管生成抑制因子口服液（ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ）对动物及人体的一般毒性和遗传毒性,采用动物急性毒性试验、动物慢性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验和人体外周血淋巴细胞体外培养染色体畸变实验,观察ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ的一般毒性和遗传毒性．结果显示：ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ对小鼠的急性毒性试验表明,该药口服途径的ＬＤ５０为９．１２０１ｇｋｇ－１（７．７６６ｇ～１０．７０９１ｇｋｇ－１）;慢性毒性试验显示该口服液对内脏各器官和生理指标均无任何蓄积毒性和延迟毒性反应作用;ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ对小鼠骨髓微核和人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变等均无诱变作用,ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ可降低环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）对受试动物细胞微核的发生率．ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ无毒,对化学法突变剂引起的微核产生有抑制作用,对染色体损伤有一定的保护作用．