中国的艾滋病危机

中国正面对着现代化带来的两难抉择:危险与机会共存。中国特定的政治、社会和经济制度加剧了对外开放带来的危险。曾被中国官员们当作西方问题的艾滋病问题,近年才受到北京的严重关注。不断强化的艾滋病问题将对中国造成巨大影响。对面临着一场巨大规模的传染病的中国政府而言,战胜危机将十分艰难。     

Embryonic assembly of a central pattern generator without sensory input

Locomotion depends on the integration of sensory information with the activity of central circuitry, which generates patterned discharges in motor nerves to appropriate muscles. Isolated central networks generate fictive locomotor rhythms (recorded in the absence of movement), indicating that the fundamental pattern of motor output depends on the intrinsic connectivity and electrical properties of these central circuits. Sensory inputs are required to modify the pattern of motor activity in response to the actual circumstances of real movement. A central issue for our understanding of how locomotor circuits are specified and assembled is the extent to which sensory inputs are required as such systems develop. Here we describe the effects of eliminating sensory function and structure on the development of the peristaltic motor pattern of Drosophila embryos and larvae. We infer that the circuitry for peristaltic crawling develops in the complete absence of sensory input; however, the integration of this circuitry into actual patterns of locomotion requires additional information from the sensory system. In the absence of sensory inputs, the polarity of movement is deranged, and backward peristaltic waves predominate at the expense of forward peristalsis.     

Nerve growth in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) with rotated ganglia

Summary The axons of motorneurons in rotated cockroach ganglia grow into the limb opposite the one they normally innervate and appear to synapse with appropriate muscles. Apparently the classification of motorneurons is duplicated about the mid-line.I thankNan Cowan for her expert technical assistance.     

空间颜色聚类算法及其在图像特征提取中的应用

针对目前图像基本颜色特征单一、 可提取信息不足的问题, 提出将图像进行HSV颜色空间转换, 先用均衡化直方图增强空间颜色互转后的图像空间 颜色像素, 再用融入rgb2ind的K-means均值聚类算法提亮均衡图像, 以增强图像颜色特征的提取目标和数量. 实验结果表明, 该方法优于普通空间颜色图像进行特征提取的效果, 实现了为颜色特征识别提供更多的检索信息.     

The gene mutated in bare patches and striated mice encodes a novel 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

X-linked dominant disorders that are exclusively lethal prenatally in hemizygous males have been described in human and mouse. None of the genes responsible has been isolated in either species. The bare patches (Bpa) and striated (Str) mouse mutations were originally identified in female offspring of X-irradiated males. Subsequently, additional independent alleles were described. We have previously mapped these X-linked dominant, male-lethal mutations to an overlapping region of 600 kb that is homologous to human Xq28 (ref. 4) and identified several candidate genes in this interval. Here we report mutations in one of these genes, Nsdhl, encoding an NAD(P)H steroid dehydrogenase-like protein, in two independent Bpa and three independent Str alleles. Quantitative analysis of sterols from tissues of affected Bpa mice support a role for Nsdhl in cholesterol biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that Bpa and Str are allelic mutations and identify the first mammalian locus associated with an X-linked dominant, male-lethal phenotype. They also expand the spectrum of phenotypes associated with abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism.     

卫星编队飞行的动力学特性与相对轨道构形仿真

为了克服 Hill方程的局限性 ,利用轨道根数描述卫星编队飞行 ,从理论上给出了长期编队所需的条件 ,包括相对位置和相对速度的关系 ,以及和各卫星相对轨道根数之间的关系 ;理论上证明了要长期近距离编队卫星轨道周期必须相同。仿真了各种不同轨道根数下的相对运动轨迹 ,与定性的理论分析进行比较 ,说明了轨道根数描述方法的优越性。方法可适用任意偏心率的椭圆轨道 ,将为飞行器编队飞行的轨道设计提供理论参考。不考虑摄动时轨道根数接近的飞行器不需主动控制而可长期保持近距离编队飞行     

我国小行星探测目标分析与电推进轨道设计

近几年,世界各航天大国陆续实施了小行星探测计划.近地小行星也是我国下一步深空探测的重要目标,国内航天相关单位正在积极开展近地小行星探测的前期任务论证与规划工作.以此为背景,研究了电推进方式探测近地小行星的目标选择与轨道设计问题.首先分析了近地小行星探测的科学和技术目标,结合我国技术水平的发展现状,给出了6颗适合作为探测目标的近地小行星.搜索了2016年至2020年之间探测每颗可能目标的发射窗口.为了增加探测任务的科学回报,特别关注了多目标、多任务的近地小行星探测,推荐了一次探测多个有价值目标的可行多任务探测方案：Earth出发-Nereus飞越-Apophis飞越-1999JU3交会.基于脉冲估算结果设计电推进轨道,将中途多任务探测作为内点约束整体优化小推力转移轨道,采用间接法求解燃料最优控制问题得到了小推力的最优轨迹.最后给出了推荐方案的详细飞行程序.     

多任务微小卫星姿态仿真研究

为了实现在整星制约条件下,以经济而可靠的手段满足三轴稳定多任务微小卫星(MTMS)姿态控制系统的功能和性能要求,分析了MTMS的运行任务,提出了基于多任务要求的工作模式划分,并对多任务过程的姿态确定和姿态控制系统进行综合分析和设计,建立数学模型。通过仿真验证,可实现多任务微小卫星的复杂任务设计要求。