基于现场可编程门阵列的液晶驱动设计

利用现场可编程门阵列驱动字符型液晶显示模块(LCM).详细说明了字符型液晶显示器的工作原理及数据流程,重点对其内部驱动芯片HD44780各引脚和时序进行研究,建立FPGA模型.对各个模块功能加以说明,通过硬件描述语言VHDL编程实现,并给出部分主要程序代码,Spartan3E系列的XC3S500E目标芯片上通过调试.     

Metabolic changes during B cell differentiation for the production of intestinal IgA antibody

To sustain the bio-energetic demands of growth, proliferation, and effector functions, the metabolism of immune cells changes dramatically in response to immunologic stimuli. In this review, I focus on B cell metabolism, especially regarding the production of intestinal IgA antibody. Accumulating evidence has implicated not only host-derived factors (e.g., cytokines) but also gut environmental factors, including the possible involvement of commensal bacteria and diet, in the control of B cell metabolism during intestinal IgA antibody production. These findings yield new insights into the regulation of immunosurveillance and homeostasis in the gut.     

Assembly and regulation of ASC specks

The inflammasome adapter ASC links activated inflammasome sensors to the effector molecule pro-caspase-1. Recruitment of pro-caspase-1 to ASC promotes the autocatalytic activation of caspase-1, which leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. Upon triggering of inflammasome sensors, ASC assembles into large helical fibrils that interact with each other serving as a supramolecular signaling platform termed the ASC speck. Alternative splicing, post-translational modifications of ASC, as well as interaction with other proteins can perturb ASC function. In several inflammatory diseases, ASC specks can be found in the extracellular space and its presence correlates with poor prognosis. Here, we review the role of ASC in inflammation, and focus on the structural mechanisms that lead to ASC speck formation, the regulation of ASC function during inflammasome assembly, and the importance of ASC specks in disease.     

Profilin1 biology and its mutation,actin(g) in disease

Profilins were discovered in the 1970s and were extensively studied for their significant physiological roles. Profilin1 is the most prominent isoform and has drawn special attention due to its role in the cytoskeleton, cell signaling, and its link to conditions such as cancer and vascular hypertrophy. Recently, multiple mutations in the profilin1 gene were linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we will discuss the physiological and pathological roles of profilin1. We will further highlight the cytoskeletal function and dysfunction caused by profilin1 dysregulation. Finally, we will discuss the implications of mutant profilin1 in various diseases with an emphasis on its contribution to the pathogenesis of ALS.     

Innate and intrinsic antiviral immunity in Drosophila

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a valuable model to investigate the genetic mechanisms of innate immunity. Initially focused on the resistance to bacteria and fungi, these studies have been extended to include antiviral immunity over the last decade. Like all living organisms, insects are continually exposed to viruses and have developed efficient defense mechanisms. We review here our current understanding on antiviral host defense in fruit flies. A major antiviral defense in Drosophila is RNA interference, in particular the small interfering (si) RNA pathway. In addition, complex inducible responses and restriction factors contribute to the control of infections. Some of the genes involved in these pathways have been conserved through evolution, highlighting loci that may account for susceptibility to viral infections in humans. Other genes are not conserved and represent species-specific innovations.     

Massive glycosaminoglycan-dependent entry of Trp-containing cell-penetrating peptides induced by exogenous sphingomyelinase or cholesterol depletion

Among non-invasive cell delivery strategies, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) vectors represent interesting new tools. To get fundamental knowledge about the still debated internalisation mechanisms of these peptides, we modified the membrane content of cells, typically by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin or depletion of cholesterol from the membrane outer leaflet. We quantified and visualised the effect of these viable cell surface treatments on the internalisation efficiency of different CPPs, among which the most studied Tat, R₉, penetratin and analogues, that all carry the N-terminal biotin-Gly₄ tag cargo. Under these cell membrane treatments, only penetratin and R₆W₃ underwent a massive glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-dependent entry in cells. Internalisation of the other peptides was only slightly increased, similarly in the absence or the presence of GAGs for R₉, and only in the presence of GAGs for Tat and R₆L₃. Ceramide formation (or cholesterol depletion) is known to lead to the reorganisation of membrane lipid domains into larger platforms, which can serve as a trap and cluster receptors. These results show that GAG clustering, enhanced by formation of ceramide, is efficiently exploited by penetratin and R₆W₃, which contains Trp residues in their sequence but not Tat, R₉ and R₆L₃. Hence, these data shed new lights on the differences in the internalisation mechanism and pathway of these peptides that are widely used in delivery of cargo molecules.     

月地高速再入返回飞行器信息系统设计与实现

探月三期月地高速再入返回飞行器由服务舱和返回器2个舱段组成,信息系统复杂,首先对信息系统的任务进行了分析,在此基础上提出了2层拓扑总线的互联方案、器内多子网自识别路由设计方案、链路层分层方案,脉冲调制编码(PCM)数据体制与高级在轨系统(AOS)数据体制统一设计方案,实现了多信源、多舱段信息管理与融合,提高了上行带宽利用率、器内数据路由和下行遥测灵活性和易扩展性,满足了飞行任务复杂工作模式下的需求,在轨飞行结果表明信息系统满足需求.     

移动拟合法在煤层界面插值中的应用研究

为了在构建三维矿床模型过程中,形成最佳逼近的煤层界面模型,将移动拟合法引入到煤层界面插值中。根据煤层的赋存条件以及原始采样数据的分布特点提出了参数优化选择的有效方法及适用条件,并通过数学方法改善病态矩阵,使待估区域中的插值结果精度更高。以某矿的煤层界面数据为样本,通过交叉检验确定权函数,进行空间插值以及三维可视化,比较真实地反映了矿床的基本特征,为矿床地质模型的建立提供了有力的数据支撑。     

基于时间段的时序规则发现

时序规则挖掘用以挖掘数据库中与时间相关的规则及模式.现今大部分时序数据挖掘均是针对基于时间点的,基于时间段的挖掘相对较少.在此提出一个新的基于时间段的时序规则挖掘算法,通过挖掘频繁闭模式集取代完整频繁模式集,减少了挖掘时间,算法效率很高.     

我国乳业高质量发展的协同治理创新研究——基于演化视角

1958年的《乳制品质量标准及检验方法》是我国出台最早的乳业安全规制措施,而真正具备乳业安全规制的基础法律是1982年的《食品卫生法(试行)》.2009年《食品安全法》的颁布取代了《食品卫生法》,标志着我国食品安全规制经历了由卫生管理向安全监管、再向现代化治理的深刻转变.这一制度演化也映射在乳业安全领域.目前我国乳业安...