Survival and endogenous spleen colonies of irradiated mice after skin wounding and hydroxyurea treatment

Summary Wound trauma-induced survival from radiation may be related to increased mitosis in hematopoietic cells. This is supported by the cell cycle-dependent drug hydroxyurea, which 1. blocked survival of wounded mice injected 2 or 3 days after 900 rad and 2. reduced the number of endogenous CFU-s in wounded mice injected shortly before 700 rad.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ00018. Views presented in this paper are those of the authors; no endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Research, National Research Council.     

Effect of free fatty acids and cholesterol in vitro on liver plasma membrane-bound enzymes

Summary The effect of cholesterol and fatty acid treatment in vitro was tested on rat liver plasma membrane-bound enzymes and lipid fluidity. The observed alterations of membrane fluidity affect both (Na⁺–K⁺)-ATPase and Mg²⁺-ATPase activities but not 5-nucleotidase; basal adenylate cyclase as well as its hormonal sensitivity were differentially affected by changes of membrane microenvironment.This investigation was partially supported by the Italian National Research Council.     

Protective effect of vitamins against trichothecene toxicity towardsSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary Several trichothecene mycotoxins were shown to inhibit the growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. This effect was most pronounced with the macrocyclic trichothecenes, especially verrucarin A. Much less growth inhibition was observed with T-2 toxin. Verrucarol, diacetoxyscirpenol, acetyl T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol and neosolaniol were inactive at a concentration of 75 g of toxin per disc. Incubation ofS. cerevisiae with verrucarin A together with vitamins resulted in a decrease in toxicity. Pyridoxine-HCl, Ca-pantothenate, thiamine-HCl and -tocopheryl acetate were amongst the most potent of the vitamins tested which reversed growth inhibition, overcoming the inhibitory potential of the toxins.9 December 1986The authors thank Dr J. Behrend, Makor Company, Israel, for a generous gift of verrucarin A and roridin A.     

Age distribution of circulatingα-interferon

Summary A sensitive radioimmunoassay showed that circulating -interferon in the plasma of healthy individuals was low in children and reached the highest level in the young adult, then declined gradually with age. Circulating -interferon was 0.201±0.059 ng/ml in males (n=19) and 0.184±0.076 ng/ml in females (n=14) at ages 30–39 years old. It was noted that circulating -interferon was maintained up to a certain level even in elderly individuals.     

The effects of manganese and barium on the cardiac pacemaker current,i f,in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes

Summary The isolation of ionic fluxes contributing to electric currents through cell membranes often requires block of other undesired components which can be achieved, among others, by divalent cations. Mn²⁺ and Ba²⁺ are often used, for example, to block Ca and K currents. Here we have investigated the effects of these two cations on the properties of the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker current i_f, in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes, as obtained by voltage clamp analysis. We find that 2 mM Mn²⁺ shifts the i_f activation curve by 3.2±0.3 mV towards more positive values. However, when 1 mM Ba²⁺ is also added, the positive shift is more than halved (1.3±0.2 mV). We find, too, that in the absence of blocking cations the ACh-induced i_f inhibition is slightly higher than in their presence. These results indicate that the alteration of i_f kinetic properties by Ba²⁺ plus Mn²⁺-containing solutions is minimal.     

1-(substituted)benzyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamides are potent orally active inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi in mice

1-(Substituted)benzyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamides are potent orally active inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice. The most active compounds are the 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)- and 1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-analogs (L-153,094 [2] and L-153,153 [4], resp.) which are approximately 7-fold more potent upon oral administration than nifurtimox (Lampit) in suppressing parasite levels in the blood of mice with acute Trypanosoma cruzi infections.     

A rapid colorimetric method for the determination of tobacco mosaic virus concentration in plant saps

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue kolorimetrische Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung des Nucleoproteidgehaltes von Tabakmosaikvirus im Saft von Tabakblättern beschrieben. Der Saft wird durch die Chloroform-Wasser-Emulsionstechnik geklärt, das Virus-Nucleoproteid durch 2,0M Trichloressigsäure gefällt und dann in 1,0N NaOH gelöst. Die durch Zusatz von Folin-Phenolreagens entstandene Farbe wird kolorimetrisch bestimmt. Die mit der neuen Methode erhaltenen Resultate stimmen gut mit denjenigen von Aktivvirusbestimmungen überein.     

Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes allows constitutive WNT signaling in colorectal cancer

Aberrant WNT pathway signaling is an early progression event in 90% of colorectal cancers. It occurs through mutations mainly of APC and less often of CTNNB1 (encoding beta-catenin) or AXIN2 (encoding axin-2, also known as conductin). These mutations allow ligand-independent WNT signaling that culminates in abnormal accumulation of free beta-catenin in the nucleus. We previously identified frequent promoter hypermethylation and gene silencing of the genes encoding secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) in colorectal cancer. SFRPs possess a domain similar to one in the WNT-receptor frizzled proteins and can inhibit WNT receptor binding to downregulate pathway signaling during development. Here we show that restoration of SFRP function in colorectal cancer cells attenuates WNT signaling even in the presence of downstream mutations. We also show that the epigenetic loss of SFRP function occurs early in colorectal cancer progression and may thus provide constitutive WNT signaling that is required to complement downstream mutations in the evolution of colorectal cancer.     

Towards sound epistemological foundations of statistical methods for high-dimensional biology

A sound epistemological foundation for biological inquiry comes, in part, from application of valid statistical procedures. This tenet is widely appreciated by scientists studying the new realm of high-dimensional biology, or 'omic' research, which involves multiplicity at unprecedented scales. Many papers aimed at the high-dimensional biology community describe the development or application of statistical techniques. The validity of many of these is questionable, and a shared understanding about the epistemological foundations of the statistical methods themselves seems to be lacking. Here we offer a framework in which the epistemological foundation of proposed statistical methods can be evaluated.