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171.
Thirteen Speyeria nokomis apacheana (Edwards) (Nymphalidae) populations from the western Great Basin were assayed for isozyme variability using starch-gel electrophoresis. Eight of the 25 presumptive isozyme loci analyzed were found to be polymorphic. Collections made in 1991and 1992 allowed for between-year comparisons of heterozygosity and the estimation of effective population size for five of the sampled populations. Speyeria nokomis apacheana populations exhibit lower mean heterozygosity levels than other nymphalids. This may be attributed to genetic drift in apparently isolated populations with small effective sizes. 相似文献
172.
The Shoshone sculpin ( Cottus greenei ) is found only in springs of the Thousand Springs formation along the Snake River in Idaho. In 1983 a small population of Shoshone sculpin was introduced into an unnamed spring in the Thousand Springs formation in an attempt to increase the range of the species. Previously, the only sculpin in that spring was the mottled sculpin ( Cottus bairdi ). The Shoshone sculpin was able to establish itself and become the predominant fish within 8 years. 相似文献
173.
American Falls Reservoir in southeastern Idaho is an irrigation reservoir used as an inland feeding stopover by many shorebird species. Six exclosure experiments were conducted during the 1990 drawdown period to investigate shorebird predation impact on benthic macroinvertebrate populations. The study sites differed in sediment composition, sediment slope, invertebrate densities, and shorebird abundance. Shorebird predation significantly affected invertebrate densities in only 1 of 6 experiments (Aberdeen Mouth). This site had higher sediment slope and a lower water recedence than other study sites, resulting in concentration of shorebird predation on a small area of newly exposed sediment. Shorebird predation had the greatest impact on medium size class chironomid larvae at Aberdeen Mouth. Our results suggest that inland sites such as American Falls Reservoir represent viable shorebird habitat and may be managed to insure consistent prey availability. Drawdown rate, sediment slope, invertebrate densities, and shorebird abundance are all important factors influencing shorebird predation. Monitoring shorebird abundance and predation impact on invertebrate densities may help in manipulating drawdown rate to provide adequate shorebird prey. Management of inland sites for shorebird use may become more important in the future as human encroachment in coastal areas continues. 相似文献
174.
Tylobolus utahensis Chamberlin, the only representative of the genus occurring in the southwestern deserts, ranges from central Inyo County, California, to the western periphery of Kane County, Utah. This distribution roughly corresponds to the northern limit of the Mojave Desert ecosystem and is also shown by the millipede Piedolus utus Chamberlin. (Spirobolida: Atopetholidae) and the centipede Theatops posticus (Say) (Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Tylobolus fredericksoni Causey, ostensibly from Douglas County, Kansas, is designated "" nomen dubium "" and disregarded pending collection of fresh material; Narceus gordanus (Chamberlin) is deleted from South Carolina and Tennessee. Tyobolus uncigerus (Wood) occurs north of the Columbia River in Klickitat County, Washington, and Hiltonius thebanus Chamberlin is referable to Onychelus Cook in the family Atopetholidae. 相似文献
175.
Forests of the southern Rocky Mountains are punctuated by persistent meadows called parks that are dominated by grasses and forbs. In an attempt to elucidate the maintenance of subalpine parks in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado, soil texture and tree morphology differences along 60-m transects spanning the forest-park ecotone were studied in 6 representative parks. Seedling survivorship, percent seed germination, and soil moisture available to plants were also studied along one of the transects in Willow Park. Soil analyses revealed 40% more silt and significantly less sand and clay in all 6 parks ( P P = 0.011), with 54% more water in forest than in park soils. Measures of growth rate obtained from tree height, dbh, and age were significantly higher nearer the ecotone ( P P = 0.002). These results suggest that stress of mature Engelmann spruce ( Picea engelmannii ) and lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta ) is an unlikely explanation of park maintenance. P. engelmanii percent seed germination and seedling survivorship were significantly higher in the forest than in the park ( P < 0.001). This may be largely due to the more severe seedling microclimate observed in the park. Results indicate that limited seedling establishment is primarily responsible for maintenance of subalpine parks in the Gunnison Basin. 相似文献
176.
L. Vanderkelen J. M. Van Herreweghe K. G. A. Vanoirbeek G. Baggerman B. Myrnes P. J. Declerck I. W. Nilsen C. W. Michiels L. Callewaert 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(6):1053-1064
Lysozymes are antibacterial effectors of the innate immune system in animals that hydrolyze peptidoglycan. Bacteria have evolved
protective mechanisms that contribute to lysozyme tolerance such as the production of lysozyme inhibitors, but only inhibitors
of chicken (c-) and invertebrate (i-) type lysozyme have been identified. We here report the discovery of a novel Escherichia coli inhibitor specific for goose (g-) type lysozymes, which we designate PliG (periplasmic lysozyme inhibitor of g-type lysozyme).
Although it does not inhibit c- or i-type lysozymes, PliG shares a structural sequence motif with the previously described
PliI and MliC/PliC lysozyme inhibitor families, suggesting a common ancestry and mode of action. Deletion of pliG increased the sensitivity of E. coli to g-type lysozyme. The existence of inhibitors against all major types of animal lysozyme and their contribution to lysozyme
tolerance suggest that lysozyme inhibitors may play a role in bacterial interactions with animal hosts. 相似文献
177.
Alexander V. Zhdanov Ruslan I. Dmitriev Dmitri B. Papkovsky 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(5):903-917
Bafilomycin A1 (Baf) induces an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ and acidification in neuronal cells via inhibition of the V-ATPase. Also, Baf uncouples mitochondria in differentiated PC12
(dPC12), dSH-SY5Y cells and cerebellar granule neurons, and markedly elevates their respiration. This respiratory response in dPC12 is accompanied by morphological changes in the mitochondria and decreases the mitochondrial pH, Ca2+ and ΔΨm. The response to Baf is regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes from the endoplasmic reticulum. Inhibition of permeability transition pore opening increases the depolarizing effect
of Baf on the ΔΨm. Baf induces stochastic flickering of the ΔΨm with a period of 20 ± 10 s. Under conditions of suppressed
ATP production by glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation impaired by Baf does not provide cells with sufficient ATP levels.
Cells treated with Baf become more susceptible to excitation with KCl. Such mitochondrial uncoupling may play a role in a
number of (patho)physiological conditions induced by Baf. 相似文献
178.
The Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF4 pathway plays critical roles in the maintenance of small intestinal epithelium; however, downstream
targets of the beta-catenin/TCF4 complex are not extensively characterized. We identified miR-30e as an immediate target activated
by the beta-catenin/TCF4 complex. miR-30e was detected in the peri-nuclear region of the intestinal crypt IEC-6 cells. Bioinformatics
analysis revealed clustered beta-catenin/TCF4 binding sites within the miR-30e promoter region. This promoter region was cloned
into pGL3-control luciferase reporter vector, with the enhancer region removed. Transfection of pCMV-SPORT6-beta-catenin expression
vector dose-dependently increased luciferase activity, and co-transfection of pCMV-SPORT6-TCF4 expression vector further enhanced
the promoter activity. Dexamethasone-induced IEC-6 cells differentiation caused a 2.5-fold increase in miR-30e expression,
and upon beta-catenin siRNA transfection, miR-30e increased 1.3-fold. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation
assay confirmed the binding between beta-catenin/TCF4 complexes from IEC-6 nuclear extracts and the putative sequences in
the miR-30e promoter. These results demonstrate that beta-catenin/TCF4 transactivates miR-30e during intestinal cell differentiation. 相似文献
179.
Sebastian Vogel Thorsten Trapp Verena Börger Corinna Peters Dalila Lakbir Dagmar Dilloo Rüdiger V. Sorg 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(2):295-303
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) home to injured tissues and have regenerative capacity. In this study,
we have investigated in vitro the influence of apoptotic and necrotic cell death, thus distinct types of tissue damage, on
MSC migration. Concordant with an increased overall motility, MSC migrated towards apoptotic, but not vital or necrotic neuronal
and cardiac cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was expressed by the apoptotic cells only. MSC, in contrast, revealed expression
of the HGF-receptor, c-Met. Blocking HGF bioactivity resulted in significant reduction of MSC migration. Moreover, recombinant
HGF attracted MSC in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, apoptosis initiates chemoattraction of MSC via the HGF/c-Met axis, thereby
linking tissue damage to the recruitment of cells with regenerative potential. 相似文献
180.
F. Sherwood Taylor Ph.D. M.A. B.Sc. 《Annals of science》2013,70(3):185-202