Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA for human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family of hormone-like glycoproteins that regulate haematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, and G-CSF almost exclusively stimulates the colony formation of granulocytes from committed precursor cells in semi-solid agar culture. Recently, Nomura et al. have established a human squamous carcinoma cell line (designated CHU-2) from a human oral cavity tumour which produces large quantities of CSF constitutively, and the CSF produced by CHU-2 cells has been purified to homogeneity from the conditioned medium. We have now determined the partial amino-acid sequence of the purified G-CSF protein, and by using oligonucleotides as probes, have isolated several clones containing G-CSF complementary DNA from the cDNA library prepared with messenger RNA from CHU-2 cells. The complete nucleotide sequences of two of these cDNAs were determined and the expression of the cDNA in monkey COS cells gave rise to a protein showing authentic G-CSF activity. Furthermore, Southern hybridization analysis of DNA from normal leukocytes and CHU-2 cells suggests that the human genome contains only one gene for G-CSF and that some rearrangement has occurred within one of the alleles of the G-CSF gene in CHU-2 cells.     

日本传统“诗吟”中单个反射声优选时延与自相关函数的关系

研究在日本传统“诗吟”表演中，在干信号中加上适当时延的单个反射声是否更为有利．专业“诗吟”表演者嗓音中对典型的“节”的吟唱是该种表演艺术的一种独特的吟咏方式．对此及对“节”外内容的吟唱都在消音室中加以录音．文中通过成对比较法试验得出了主观优选的标度值．结果表明，在聆听对“节”的吟唱时，听者更喜欢在干信号中加上延时为10～30ms的单个反射声，而在聆听对“节”外内容的吟唱时，加上单个反射声与否对听者而言并无显著的差别．文中对此项发现从吟唱“节”的声源信号的自相关函数的包络特征上加以讨论．     

噪声暴露对全身振动感知阈值的影响

尽管对全身振动感知阈值已有人做过一些试验研究，但是对于暴露于噪声条件下的感知阈值尚无相关试验．但此项研究是很重要的，因为许多振动源往往同时也激发产生噪声．文中通过一项试验来探讨噪声对身体振动感知阂值的影响．共有10位受试者坐在固定于垂直振动台的椅子上，被要求自行调节振动级来确定阈值．采用4种正弦波形的振动以及随机振动作为刺激，同时采用以10dB作为调节量的随机噪声作为刺激．试验发现阈值随着噪声级的增加而增加．这意味着随噪声级的增加，人体对振动的敏感度下降了．尽管此中的原因尚不明晰，但文中对同一频率下听觉与振动感觉之间的相互影响提出了建议．     

Membrane fractions of rabbit granulocytes. 1. The presence of ouabain-sensitive ATPase and the electrophoretic patterns.

In one or two membrane fractions isolated from the homogenate of casein-induced rabbit granulocytes ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity was found definitely. Electrophoretic patterns of these membrane fractions showed no significant differences in staining for carbohydrate and protein.     

Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4

Signal transduction through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) originates from their intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which binds to MyD88, a common adaptor protein containing a TIR domain. Although cytokine production is completely abolished in MyD88-deficient mice, some responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), including the induction of interferon-inducible genes and the maturation of dendritic cells, are still observed. Another adaptor, TIRAP (also known as Mal), has been cloned as a molecule that specifically associates with TLR4 and thus may be responsible for the MyD88-independent response. Here we report that LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production are abolished in mice lacking TIRAP. As in MyD88-deficient mice, LPS activation of the nuclear factor NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases is induced with delayed kinetics in TIRAP-deficient mice. Expression of interferon-inducible genes and the maturation of dendritic cells is observed in these mice; they also show defective response to TLR2 ligands, but not to stimuli that activate TLR3, TLR7 or TLR9. In contrast to previous suggestions, our results show that TIRAP is not specific to TLR4 signalling and does not participate in the MyD88-independent pathway. Instead, TIRAP has a crucial role in the MyD88-dependent signalling pathway shared by TLR2 and TLR4.     

A physical map of the mouse genome

A physical map of a genome is an essential guide for navigation, allowing the location of any gene or other landmark in the chromosomal DNA. We have constructed a physical map of the mouse genome that contains 296 contigs of overlapping bacterial clones and 16,992 unique markers. The mouse contigs were aligned to the human genome sequence on the basis of 51,486 homology matches, thus enabling use of the conserved synteny (correspondence between chromosome blocks) of the two genomes to accelerate construction of the mouse map. The map provides a framework for assembly of whole-genome shotgun sequence data, and a tile path of clones for generation of the reference sequence. Definition of the human-mouse alignment at this level of resolution enables identification of a mouse clone that corresponds to almost any position in the human genome. The human sequence may be used to facilitate construction of other mammalian genome maps using the same strategy.     

溶剂对苯乙炔衍生物EPHG的螺旋聚合的影响

本文合成了4-[(3,5-二异丁基-4-羟基苯)(3,5-二异丁基-4-苯醌基)甲基]苯乙炔单体(EPHG),由铑络合物和手性胺催化体系引发聚合,利用CD-UV谱图确认生成的聚合物是螺旋结构.讨论了聚合机理,调查了溶剂对聚合的影响,结果表明:在四氢呋喃溶液中,铑络合物[Rh(cod)Cl]2和(R)-苯乙基胺催化体系引发EPHG聚合成同一手性的螺旋聚合物,并且有较高的收率。